How to Write a Perfect Internship Resume (Examples Included)

Step by step instructions to Write a Perfect Internship Resume (Examples Included) The beneficial thing about scanning for an entry level position: nobody anticipates that you should have many years of involvement with the field. The harder part: you’re as yet hoping to get that foot in the entryway, so you don’t yet have huge amounts of related understanding. So how would you square that for your resume, and ensure that you’re setting up the resume that will get you employed as an understudy? Let’s start by taking a gander at what not to do. Kaitlyn is a lesser in school, hoping to get a temporary job for the summer.Kaitlyn Martin63 University Place, Apt. 2CStorrs, CT 99999(555) 555s)How to Write a Perfect Occupational Therapist ResumeHow to Write a Perfect Physician Assistant Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Receptionist Resume (Examples Included)How to Create a Perfect Retail ResumeHow to Write a Perfect Sales Associate Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Social Worker Resume (Examples Included)How to Writ e a Perfect Truck Driver Resume (With Examples)

Conceptual Model of Dominos Pizza

Question: Examine about the Conceptual Model of Dominos Pizza. Answer: There are a few focuses in which the theoretical model can be effortlessly portrayed and those focuses are expressed underneath: Issues identified with wage: There is consistently a connection between the exhibition and the prize of the representatives that mirrors their fulfillment. Representatives are progressively disappointed towards their occupations when they don't get legitimate compensation as per their prerequisite and it is being discovered that the greater part of the workers in Dominos leave the association when they are not happy with their pay (Sheehan, 2014). Dominos is confronting a few issues seeing worker turnover as these representatives most likely move to pizza cottage as they furnish their representatives with better wages and extra advantages. Subsequently Dominos must ensure that they educate their HR division and solicit them to take care from their workers and must practice plentiful meetings for representative maintenance (Tips on worker maintenance, 2008). Wellbeing Issue: Dominos must give exhibitions that features the administration characteristics by directing a few police examination in the close by territory and build up a crisis caution framework in the entirety of their outlets after the theft occurrence has occurred (II. Calculated MODEL, 2013). It will additionally help to association to guarantee security for the workers and for different staffs also. It additionally causes the association to ensure that they meet all the lawful duties that is useful for the association and for people in general. Deceptive issue: The supervisor of Dominos ought not utilize understudies from abroad as they need a representative than can work for over 20 hours consistently (Dejoie, Fowler, Paradice, 1991). Normally the supervisor designates understudies to keep up the adaptability of the working time. It likewise encourages the chief to arrange appropriate timetable and list. On the off chance that the chief don't wish to change this methodology, at that point he should ensure that he utilizes more understudies so none of the representatives need to stay at work past 40 hours which will inevitably help a great deal for worker maintenance. References Dejoie, R., Fowler, G., Paradice, D. (1991).Ethical issues in data systems(1st ed.). Boston, MA: Boyd Fraser. Reasonable MODEL. (2013).Monographs Of The Society For Research In Child Development,78(6), 9-26. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mono.12061 Sheehan, N. (2014). Pizza, Pizza, Pizza: A Competitive Strategy Exercise.Organization Management Journal,11(1), 40-46. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15416518.2014.897928 Tips on representative maintenance. (2008) (first ed.). [Washington, D.C.].

OCS Highlights COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

OCS Highlights COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The Office of Career Services sends out   weekly bulletin to current students and here are some highlights from the recent edition. Graduating Student Survey In order to pick up your graduation tickets, please be aware that you must first fill out the Graduate Employment Survey at http://www.zoomerang.com/Survey/WEB22A2PGDFPSF Tickets will be distributed beginning on Monday, April 26, 2010. Whitman Family Foundation 2010 Summer Fellowship in Environmental Policy With financial support from the Whitman Family Foundation, the Energy and Environmental Policy (EEP) concentration is pleased to offer the 2010 Summer Fellowship in Environmental Policy. An award of $1,000 will be given to a student in the environmental track participating in an unpaid summer internship related to environmental policy. Chris Hill MPA Internship Grant SIPASA is pleased to honor the life of former MPA student Christopher Hill with a scholarship fund for continuing MPA students undertaking public interest summer internships with government or nonprofit organizations.   Christopher died in March 2000, while still studying at SIPA, after a courageous battle with cancer. Christopher’s friends and family created and funded the first year of the scholarship. More details and eligibility requirements are available on SIPAlink. SIPA Travel Grant Program SIPA provides internship grants to qualifying students to help defray the costs of summer unpaid or low-paid internships overseas. The application deadline is Friday, April 23, 2010. SIPASA/OCS Business Cards and BBQ Get ready for an evening of food, fun and networking on Friday, April 23 from 5:00-8:00pm on Ancell Plaza! SIPASA and OCS present a new twist on our annual barbecue Business Cards and BBQ. In addition to the usual BBQ, beer, music and games, we also encourage students to bring some of their business cards to share job and internship experiences. This event is FREE to SIPA students with their CU ID.

Case Study Too Much Information - 1372 Words

Case Study 1 - Too Much Information Saksham Garg 100270927 October 25, 2016 Gayle Hayashi Professional Business Practices BUSM 4805-004 Introduction Under the supervision of John Melnyk, Anna Hawkins writes Too Much Information. A case where a group of four students in a third-year business ethics course at a university gets a long and challenging assignment which was worth a substantial portion of the final grade. This assignment put the students in the role of ethical consultants to a group purchasing organization in the healthcare industry that had just come under public scrutiny. Here they need to draft a letter and present it to a board of directors on a later date. Board of directors would be represented by Professor Nash (their instructor) and one or two of his university colleagues or contacts from the business world. Along with this information this case also suggests that one of the group members ‘Jeff’ finds his part of the assignment on the internet. It was clear to other group members that he cannot use this information, as the assignment specified that this was off limits. Erica (one of the group member s) is confused how to handle the situation. She comes with her own perspective, objectives and action plan. Fundamental Values According to The International Centre for Academic Integrity honesty, trust, fairness, respect, responsibility, and courage are the six fundamental values of academic integrity. From Erica’s viewpoint of the situation highlightedShow MoreRelatedDetermining The Data Collection Tools823 Words   |  4 Pagesbe used to collect the study data. The researcher examines the reason of the case study in depth using a selection of data gathering methods, to provide proof that leads to an understanding of the case, and answers the research questions. An important point of the case study method involves using multiple data collection; interviews, document reviews, collection of physical artifacts, and archival records. The data collection method the researcher will use in this study is document review. StepRead MoreHow Private Are You Online? What Information Do You Share About Yourself?784 Words   |  4 Pageshe topic for the qualitative study is: â€Å"How private are you online? What information do you share about yourself? The object of this research is to prove the lack of privacy when it comes to sharing information on social media. It will also cover how social media, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc.; has taken over as a means of interacting in lieu of face-to face communication, telephones, and written communication. Studies have proven the information shared on social media is not privateRead MoreQuestions On Explaining Your Note Taking Ability Essay847 Words   |  4 Pagesinstructions. However, there is a myriad of information to retain. Thus, you will need to be to do the following: 1. Evaluate your note taking ability 2. Improve your test preparation 3. Review Case Studies on Note Taking How would you evaluate your note taking ability? I haven t taken notes in a very long time. At work, I usually just jot things down on a note pad. Then, when I m ready, I transcribe those notes into information. In high school, I was a fairly goodRead MoreIn TodayS Society We Are Surrounded By Situations And1173 Words   |  5 Pagesacross the globe. From several case studies focusing on unethical decisions made in the media, you can see that this truly is a problem people face when not being in touch with their own ethical reasoning. This requires the skill to apply your morals and values to your day to day life and use them ethically. Within this paper, I will be breaking down different case studies and then applying different ethics given by philosophers Aristotle and Kant. In the ethical case a TV station used the title â€Å"teasesRead MoreQualitative Research1369 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant. Detailed data is gathered through open ended questions. The interviewer is an integral part of the investigation (Jacob 1988). This differs from quantitative research which attempts to gather data by objective methods to provide information about relations, comparisons, and predictions and attempts to remove the investigator from the investigation (Smith 1983). Characteristics Purpose: Understanding - Seeks to understand people’s interpretations. Reality: Dynamic - Reality changesRead MoreEffects Of Watching Too Much Television883 Words   |  4 Pagesbryan ENGL101 29 Jan, 2016 Effects of Watching Too Much TV The world has recently increase drastically with technological advancements. People have turn to rely on television to be the only source of awareness and information. Television is one of the most popular pastimes in the world. Both adults and children have fallen deeply into this technological advancement. In some homes, families own more than two television sets. Researchers have conducted a study which shows that an average American watchesRead Morecitizen national bank Essay examples1019 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Business Problem-Solving Case: Citizens National Bank Searches for a System Solution Case Study Questions 1. What was the initial problem that Mark Singleton was trying to solve at Citizens National? How well did he apply the four steps of problem solving? A major part of Citizen National’s strategy for continuing growth was to implement customer relationship management (CRM) software. The CRM strategy targeted the bank’s two main contact points with customers: the bank’s call centerRead MoreHcc Industries988 Words   |  4 Pageswas because the stretch targets didn’t work very well. The ‘stretch’ targets are doing a good job in companies that have a great understanding of their markets and that can influence the market. HCC however is too small to do marketing and market research, so it hasn’t enough information about their market. Because of that HCC wasn’t achieving any growth. The stretch targets didn’t perform well because only a couple of divisions reached their targets and so the company couldn’t grow, as it wantedRead MoreEffective Study Methods1120 Words   |  5 Pagescoursework where we are expected to study from and be prepared to perform well on any given quizzes or exams. Over the course of a student’s life, he or she eventually develops a personal study method that works best. Some people are better at establishing effective study methods, while some do not. Not one person studies exactly the same way. In terms of psychology, there are various concepts of learning and memory that are involved in the way a person studies. I, for one, am a huge believer in simplyRead MoreComair1351 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This report will analyze and discuss of the case study; Airline Industry Analysis, Comair. In this report we also will include both traditional and changing strategies within the industry. In this report, point will be discussed such as what causes the failure? What should be done by the manager, Delta executive and IT crew management to avoid this exposure Problem : Comair’s Crew Scheduling System Breaks Down Case Study : Airline Industry Analysis Comair, the airline which is

A Report From The National Air And Space Academy - 1743 Words

Conspiracy theorist is a derogatory term used to discredit critical thinkers. University of Wisconsin English professor and scientific skeptic Robert Blaskiewicz states that the term was â€Å"invented and deployed by the CIA in the 1960s to discredit those who dared to question the Warren Commission and expose covert activities†. (Blaskiewicz) Despite of this, Critical thinkers have brought about today’s technology into existence. It is also important to remember that anyone who expresses their opinion is not always correct. Being able to refine these ideas and not let them metastasize is a part of analytical thinking. Today’s world is full of these contradicting ideas of what is right, and what is wrong. One of the many ideas today, is the†¦show more content†¦Temperatures in the atmosphere have been continuing to rise, above the average temperature of 42.6 degrees Fahrenheit. The global average temperature is stable over long periods of time. The eff ects of the global climate shift lead to observable damage. For instance, more powerful weather patterns and sea ice has been breaking up. By the end of the century, temperatures could rise as much as one degree Fahrenheit. This increase is unusual in the Earth’s climate record. Small variations in temperature correspond to extreme changes in the environment. For example, at the end of the last ice age, when the Northeast United States was covered by more than 3,000 feet of ice, average temperatures were only 5 to 9 degrees colder than today. (NASA) What are the factors that are contributing to this change? Changes in climate are attributed to human factors and have imputed the shift in global temperature. Climate change is a continued threat to society. 97% of Climate scientist agree the leading cause of the current global warming trend is human activity and the greenhouse effect. (Union of Concerned Scientist) Warming that results when the gases in the atmosphere trap hea t radiating from Earth’s surface toward space. Over the last hundred year’s human development has changed the natural greenhouse. Clearing of land for

Crime And Its Effects On Urban Areas - 1968 Words

Crime is a familiar and perilous concern in American society, and crime damages the foundation of this America. The ongoing population shift from rural to urban areas has helped to facilitate crime in the United States through the decades. Showing the focused element and impact of crime in society and the consequence of crime in urban areas, is to better understand the people, and knowing that when criminals know the procedures of the crime they get new opportunity to do it. Examining the crimes can give insight into who and why, but there are many extenuating circumstances which need to be factored. Urbanization has given opportunity and capability for the criminal element to thrive. Criminal activities are an onus for any nation,†¦show more content†¦(Department of Homeland Security 2017) Race will be defined as white and non-white. Crime also needs to be defined as â€Å"white collar† or â€Å"blue collar†, this allows for differentiation between who is co mmitting which types of crime. the Letric Law Library defines white and blue collar crime as, â€Å"Blue-collar crime is a term given to criminal acts more likely to be committed by citizens of lower social class in society, such as those which inflict direct harm on the person or property of others. This is in contrast to white-collar crime, which is generally committed by citizens of higher social class, who are more likely to be presented with the opportunity to commit such crimes.† (Blue Collar Crime). Blue collar crimes are more likely to be of a violent nature and committed by people in a lower economic position. Although White collar crime can be extremely harmful, it is not generally physical, or physically damaging and for the most part committed by people of a higher social status. For the purposes of this paper, blue collar crime as it has been defined will be the focus. Urban crime is being committed at a higher rate than rural crime, according to National Cr ime Vitim’s Survey, â€Å"In 2012, the rate of violent victimizations reported by victims to the NCVS was 3,240 per 100,000 persons’ age 12 or older in urban areas, 2,380 per 100,000 persons’ age 12 or older in suburban areas, and 2,090 per 100,000Show MoreRelatedPoverty and Crime (Sociology)1600 Words   |  7 Pagesand Crime A social issue that has always intrigued me was crime (petty crime, violent crime, etc) in impoverished urban areas and the social and economic impact that crime causes in these areas. Before conducting my research into this topic, I have always pondered why crime and poverty are so closely related. Are these two so closely linked solely because of the lack of income in the area? Or are there some other unknown or unexplained reasons that influence crime in impoverished urban areasRead MoreWhite Flight, And The Effects Of It1482 Words   |  6 PagesThere have been many different studies that focus particularly on white flight, and the effects of it. Many studies particularly focus on reasons why it happened, and rarely on the effects of it. This particular paper will focus on the effects of white flight. It will mainly focus on certain effects such as crime and income levels within urban areas. White flight is a process in which white people, especially middle class white people, from inner city neighborhoods undergoing racial integrationRead MoreThe Social Of Crime And Criminal Behavior882 Words   |  4 Pagesneighborhoods or environments have on crime has been observed and studied throughout the last two centuries. Many theories, such as the social disintegration theory, have been hypothesized to explain the effects of certain neighborhoods on crime. In addition, other theories have been presented, such as the collective efficacy theory, which serve to explain the reasons for reduced crime in other neighborhoods while presenting possible solutions to solve the problem of crime in society. This paper willRead MoreEssay on Why so Much Crime is Committed in Urban Areas606 Words   |  3 PagesWhy so Much Crime is Committed in Urban Areas Crime in urban areas has been on the increase since the 1950s, why? What has happened to cause crime to become almost an accepted part of inner city life? There are plenty of crime figures available for every city in the world, but reading numbers from a list does not explain why more crimes are being committed, to try to understand we have to look at what has changed in urban communities and how these changes have affectedRead MoreProperty Crime Report1462 Words   |  6 Pagesstatistics on major factors that affects the property crime rates in the U.S. Abstract: The property crime rates of 45.7% occurs more in urban areas. About 16.8% of the crimes were committed by high school dropouts and only 0.4% of the crimes that occurs were related to the population density. The type of property crimes that happens includes larceny-theft, home burglary, home invasion, grand theft auto, forgery, and arson. These types of crimes may be caused by factors such as high school dropoutsRead MoreSocial Disorganization Theory Of Rural Youth Violence1603 Words   |  7 Pagesneighborhood context alone. Wanting to extend the theory of social disorganization and crime beyond the scope of large urban cities, D. Wayne Osgood and Jeff M. Chambers released their study, Social Disorganization Outside the Metropolis: An Analysis of Rural Youth Violence, in order to â€Å"assess the generalizability to this setting of the social disorganization theory of crime that has been developed and tested in urban communities† (Osgood Chambers, 2000). They hypothesize that rates of juvenile delinquencyRead MoreUrban Decline With Middle Class1445 Words   |  6 Pagesnotion of gentrification that indicated the urban decline with middle class individuals abruptly and surprisingly moving into neighborhood where crime rates were tremendously high. In the study, time- arrangement information from fourteen gentrified neighborhoods in Boston, New York, San Francisco, Seattle, and Washington, D.C., were broke down to figure out whether gentrification had an impact on wrongdoing rates in focal city n eighborhoods. The areas took after each other in natural or locationalRead MoreUrban Migration During The Industrialization1708 Words   |  7 Pagesboth countries. In England, the percentage of population living in urban areas saw an increase from 17% to 72% in during the Industrial Revolution (Watson). China’s urban population rose from 26% to 53% in 2012 which brings the total urban population to 712 million people (Juan). Among these 712 million urban residents, nearly 250 million are migrant workers from rural areas (â€Å"The Great Transition†). In this paper I will explore urban migration during the industrialization, and the numerous impactsRead MoreMigration Of People From Rural Essay852 Words   |  4 Pagesinternal migration of people from rural to urban places, which is considered to be the most significant form of migration. Migration of people is considered to be a choice or force of movement. This movement has many consequences at a level of the indivi dual and the country as a while itself. (National Geographic Xpeditions, 2005) Populations in cities continue to grow through the migration of people from diverse locations. It has become more evident that urban places are more desirable compared toRead MoreHow The Social Structure Affect Social Impact Social Apathy And The Lack Of Delinquent Opportunity Within Their Neighborhood Essay872 Words   |  4 Pageshelp to explain if the neighborhood social processes, crime rates, and the lack of delinquent opportunity within their neighborhood, is solely the main effect for social disorganization amongst all of the racial groups in this research, or is it just one particular group (e.g. Latinos)? And if so, why does that group have more of a social disadvantage than the others? Then we can isolate the different types of types of influences within these urban neighborhoods ethnic/racial groups and focus on the

Automobile Company Commercial Design and Distribute

Question: Describe about the Automobile Company for Commercial Design and Distribute. Answer: Introduction to Automobile Company Generally, an automobile company primarily is the organization that manufactures design and distribute commercial as well as passenger vehicles in the market. An automobile is also provides and designs turbomachinery, engines, motorcycles, cards, and other passenger and commercial vehicles. Moreover, it is also found that, million vehicles including cars, bus, motorcycle, are produced and designed by the automobile company. Moreover, automobile company is also sells different products including vehicle parts, accessories, engines etc in the different nations. Moreover, an automobile company develops its unique image in the eyes of global consumers by using cost leadership strategies that helps in improving the market share in the international market. Apart from this, it is also important to know that, in order to produce and sell products its products, automobile company is use customer friendly business strategies and practices. Finally, it can be said that, all these things helps an automobile company to gain maximum market share (Jalopnik 2015). Volkswagen, Global In the current time, VOLKSWAGEN is one of the leading, most profitable, biggest and market leader in the global Automobile business sector. In addition to this, it is found that, it is the largest automaker company of Germany in term of total market share, revenues, sales, level of profitability. Moreover, it is also important to know that, VOLKSWAGEN was founded by German Labour Front in the year 1937 at Wolfsburg, Germany. It is also the largest provider and producers of luxury models at affordable prices worldwide. According to the financial report of the company, the total revenues of the company are 245 billion USD. Additionally, it is the worlds second biggest manufactures of vehicles after the Toyota (Volkswagen Group, 2016). Along with this, by producing a wide range of vehicles at the most affordable and low cost, the company had maintained the largest market share in Europe. For case, according to the Fortune Global 500 list of 2016, the company is the market leader in the Automobile sectors. The main passenger cars sold by the company worldwide are Bentley, Audi, Porsche, SEAT, Lamborghini, Porsche etc. On the other hand, the commercial products/ vehicles are sold by the company under the marques MAN, Neoplan, Scania etc (Green, 2008). Along with this, it has more than 340 subsidiary organizations in the different countries. Furthermore, the automobile business operations of the company have in more than 150 nations with approximate 100 production units/ facilities. It is also the worlds most trusted auto brand that produces new designs of vehicles based on the technology. Finally, it can be said that, the company VOLKSWAGEN is well known in the global world for its quality and innovative vehicles. This had helped the company to compete in the automobile sector effectively (Volkswagen, 2016). At the same time, it is also accessed that, there are various service centers, branches and offices are also established by the company at the different location of the global world. Introduction of Volkswagen in Australia (VW) Volkswagen Australia Ltd was established and developed in the year 1957 in order to provide low cost passenger and commercial vehicles. Moreover, the founder of the company was Volkswagen AG of Germany and different distributors of the Australia. In addition to this, for the purpose to expand and grow the business in Australia, the company acquired the vehicle assembly facilities of Martin King at Clayton in Victoria. In the year, 1957, Volkswagen (Australasia) Pty Ltd was formed in the nation. After some years, the 100,000th Volkswagen was produced in Australia. Moreover, in the year, the company had launched its official website in the country (Volkswagen Australia, 2016). In addition to this, it is also accessed and found that, Country Buggy was developed by the company as a unique model in the Australia in 1967. Moreover, the company had maintained its total market share in the Australia in order grows. In the current time, Volkswagen is selling more than 14 different models within the Australian automobile sector. In the current time, it is the most selling vehicle company in the Australia. On the other hand, it is also analyzed that, the company is also providing, designing and producing a lot of brands within innovative models in the country in order to satisfy the Australian customers effectively. Moreover, both types of vehicles provided by the company are highly innovative with unique deigns (Volkswagen Australia, 2016). Problems/ issues Encountered by Volkswagen in Australia In the current time, Volkswagen, Australia has strong business operations in the country. Based on the customer feedbacks, and reputation of the company in the Australian market, it is found that, there are a lot of serious issues/problems/challenges are faced and encountered by the Volkswagen in Australia (Kennedy, 2012). These issues negatively affected the success, profit level, market share, profitability and reputation of the company. For example, the company had failed to follow ecological and environmental standards and rules. Moreover, the rules, regulations and laws of the Australian Automobile industry were not properly and effectively followed and applied by the company in the Australia that create several legal and political issues in the front of the company Volkswagen (Kapferer, 2012). On the other hand, in the Australia, issues related with the labor laws and minimum wages are also encountered by the Volkswagen in Australia that developed negative image of the company in the front of customers. Moreover, it is also found that, the company had failed to fulfill its corporate social responsibilities related functions in the market (Sercu, 2009). For case, the CSR functions were not effectively and properly achieved by the company in the Australia. Along with this, it is also important to know that, several issues or challenges with regards to quality of engines and vehicles are also faced by the Volkswagen in Australia. For instance, due to offering of number of vehicles, Volkswagen, Australia had failed to maintain the level of quality standards. All these issues not only affected the business performance and market share of the company negatively but also created negative it image in the front of internal and external stakeholders (Smith, 2013). Recently, it is admitted by the Volkswagen Australia that more than 91,000 vehicles are sold by the company with emissions-masking software in the Australian market. Due to this, several passengers and commercial vehicles are recalled. The software, designed to mislead emissions tests, has caused a global scandal for Germanys largest automaker. The consumer watchdog of Australia is trying to investigate and analyze this issue. The company is founded guilty so strict legal actions costing would be taken soon for making misleading claims. In the same way, it can be said that, disappointments of the programmed transmission (known as DSG, or direct move gearbox) are high on the rundown of protestations, with a few proprietors asserting they've been compelled to pay up to $8000 for repairs. Numerous are stating they won't purchase another Volkswagen accordingly (Hagon, 2013). Overall, it can be said that, various serious challenges and issues are faced and encountered by Volkswagen in Aus tralia. Recommendation/Suggestion On the basis of above identified issues and challenges faced by Volkswagen in Australia, it is suggested and recommended to the company that it should focus on adopting innovative, specific and dynamic business strategies and methods. For example, it is suggested to the company that, the company should adopt, apply and follow the rules, laws and regulations of the Australian automobile sector proposed by the government properly and accurately. Additionally, the company should develop innovative policies to deal with the political and legal issues and also follow the labor laws in an effective and proper manner (Watanabe, 2009). On the other hand, the importance of CSR should be understood by the company and its management and try to fulfill such functions ethically and professionally. At the same time, the company must also follow and adopt the quality standards in designing and producing of their vehicles and maintain the quality of their brands effectively (Berger Luckmann, 2011). Along with this, it is also suggested to the company that, it should try to manage the issues related to DSG GEARBOX and other challenges by using strategic business strategies in order to reduce the dissatisfaction of the customers effectively. Moreover, before launching any vehicles in the market, the company Volkswagen should cross check different aspects related to vehicle safety, security etc. Hence, it can be recommended to Volkswagen that all these strategies must be used effectively (Jalopnik, 2015). Conclusion Based on the above facts and analysis, it is concluded that, Volkswagen is second largest automobile company that sells and design both passenger and commercial vehicles in the global world. In addition to this, it is also found that, Volkswagen is a multinational company of Germany that providing a lot of vehicle with different brands. Additionally, Volkswagen was come into the Australian automobile industry in the year 1957 to offer the quality vehicles. In addition to this, it is also concluded and summarized that, in the Australian market, different kinds of serious issues/problems and challenges are faced by the company that created negative image and reduce the level of profit and market share directly. Finally, it can be said that, it should adopt specific business strategies and ways to deal with such issues. References Berger, P. Luckmann, T. (2011). The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. Australia: Open Road Media. Green, D. (2008). From Poverty to Power: How Active Citizens and Effective States Can Change the World. UK: Oxfam. Hagon, T. (2013). Failure to fix issues worse than damage of recall. Available at: https://www.drive.com.au/motor-news/failure-to-fix-issues-worse-than-damage-of-recall-20130531-2nha9.html {Accessed on: 21 Sept, 216}. Jalopnik (2015). Jalopniks Book Of Car Facts And History Even Gearheads Dont Know. Australia: Gawker Media Group. Kapferer, J.N. (2012). The New Strategic Brand Management: Advanced Insights and Strategic Thinking. USA: Kogan Page Publishers. Kennedy, C. (2012). The World Beneath. USA: Atlantic Books Ltd. Sercu, P. (2009). International Finance: Theory into Practice. Australia: Princeton University Press. Smith, R.D. (2013). Strategic Planning for Public Relations. UK: Routledge, 2013 Volkswagen (2016). Our Models. Available at: https://en.volkswagen.com/en/models.html {Accessed on: 21 Sept, 216}. Volkswagen Australia (2016). About Us. Available at: https://www.volkswagen.com.au/en/company/volkswagen_australia/volkswagen-in-australia.html {Accessed on: 21 Sept, 216}. Volkswagen Group (2016). About Us. Available at: https://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/content/en/homepage.html {Accessed on: 21 Sept, 216}. Watanabe, K. (2009). Problem Solving 101: A Simple Book for Smart People. Australia: Portfolio.

Leadership Workshop free essay sample

It involves establishing a clear vision and sharing it with others so that they will follow willingly. The leader will provide the information, knowledge and methods to realize that vision and at the same time will coordinate and balance the conflicting interests of all members involved. Unlike management, leadership cannot be taught, although it may be learned and enhanced through coaching or mentoring. Chain Management leader Leadership is so broad that it encompasses many traits and characteristics but in my opinion I would highlight the 5 main points to achieve Leadership inSupply Chain Management: Empathetic Ethical Good listener Passionate Visionary Being empathetic is a very important characteristic of a good leader and is defined as something that determines the ability to understand one or more persons in any situation, whether professional, social, family etc. One of the most important qualities of empathy is the ability to listen without judgment and thus know and understand the needs of the other person, in other words to be in the shoes of the person you are talking to. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Workshop or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This characteristic certainly helps the human being to strengthen relationships ND resolve any difference, as well as also help resolve any problem or simply to advise and direct efficiently. Ethics is defined as an essential characteristic in which it applies and develops all moral principles, also implies sincerity, honesty and love for oneself. It is a powerful tool in leadership because it always wins the respect of society, and generates consistency and freedom to the person who possesses it.The ethics leads us to the conclusion that what really matters is not the work or the specific action but the intention With which it IS done. Good Listener Listener is the person who has the ability to concentrate fully in a conversation in order to decipher easily what the other person wants to communicate. One way to achieve this is that the listener giving feedback in the form of a paraphrased rendition of what has been said by the other party for their confirmation.A listener tends to increase and strengthen the knowledge and thus grow in all aspects, in addition to improve communication skills and concentration. Another important aspect of a good listener is regularly responds according to what the other person is interested, that is answered correctly. Generally a good listener is a good communicator. The word passion, as defined by the dictionary, is defined as any powerful or compelling emotion or feeling, which means that, is the underlying force that fuels our strongest emotions. It fills us with energy and excitement and it heightens our performance.When passion is in force, we are carried away in our experience, losing track of time and effort, and performing difficult tasks almost without effort. Leaders with such passion gladly work countless hours, work against all Odds and obstacles and successfully use their passion to achieve their overall objectives. So before you can inspire and lead others, you must be passionate about your own work. Visionary Visionary is a person who has the ability to clearly see a plan or goal for wanting to fight and he knows that will give added value to his life, the people around him and the world in general.The visionary has a decision and desire to begin their journey as soon as possible because he knows that time is important. One of the most important challenges of the visionary is to define and find the resources needed to achieve the goal, certainly there is time to analyze, as there is a time to make decisions and take action, but somewhere there must be a time for you dare to challenge your current reality, and be able to imagine what today seems difficult to achieve from your current resources and knowledge.Self Rating on the Five Ch aracteristics Most Important Leadership Characteristics for Aledo Guttering Leaders IP Trait 2 3 5 ; Empathetic ; Ethical ; Good listener ; Passionate ; Visionary Five-Point Scale: A great deal of improvement needed Substantial improvement needed Moderate improvement still needed A little more improvement needed No improvement needed Improvement plan for One Leadership Characteristic want to improve and work on being a Visionary.After reading some books, articles, and researchers, attending seminars and taking to people I found out that whether want to be an authentic leader I have to change my life, my way to act, my way to think and so on. In order to do that I started the process sometime ago being willing to change anything in my life, so now it is time to jump to the next step which is to be a visionary. I picked this characteristic because is one of the greatest challenges for me, and also cause I think is one of the most important ability to be developed as a leader.In other words want to be a leader to be more productive, effective and efficient in my life, and contribute and collaborate with my leadership any. Veered I am. My plan to achieve this characteristic is to read more about it, take some courses and seminars relating to, ask questions and observe leaders at work and anywhere even on TV in order to emulate things from them, but most importantly practice, practice and practice everything I will be learning (Be able to experiment, try new things, and take care to nurture my imagination) on this topic.For example, I will check out the program TED talk entitled How Great Leaders Inspire Action by Simon Sink . It will help me clarify my leadership vision. Another resource is the book Creative dervish: Skills That Drive Change by Gerard Puccini. This book covers 7 thinking skills (including visionary). This book will help me put visionary thinking into context as well as develop the supporting skills to bring my vision to fruition. I do not think I can be a visionary to 100% in 1, 2, 10 or 20 years from now, because I think can improve on this field for the rest of my fife, but I want to see much improvement in a year.I will hang in there despite any obstacle and work very hard to accomplish it ASAP. One of my favorite visionaries is Walt Disney who was so persistent in his dream. As my mentor have an opportunity to learn many things from him, for instance how he persevered when things were not working out. He is an inspiration to me to persevere in my goals. My leader profile is very broad but this summarizes my view of one. A strong leader inspires team with their vision of what should happen and supply the main goal, but allow members to choose their own way of reaching it.

Nuclear Deal Essay Example

Nuclear Deal Essay Example Nuclear Deal Essay Nuclear Deal Essay Nucle The Implications for the Indo-U. S. CivilNuclear Deal Justine Isola Justine Isola is Visiting International Fellow at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi August 26, 2010 Summary By some calculations, the chances that India will test a nuclear weapon in the coming years are not high. But if India again surprises the world as it did in 1998 with five nuclear explosions in the desert of Rajasthan, then conversations on the implications for the Indo-U. S. ivil-nuclear deal will begin. The record of debate on testing during negotiations reflects the depth of American concern that testing will lead to unstable nuclear escalation and the lengths the U. S. went to in order to deter India from conducting new tests. But it also underscores U. S. resolve to forge a new relationship with India despite evident disagreement on a thorny issue. Studying the finely wrought language of the deal reveals some persisting ambiguity about how the deal would be affected if India were to resume testing.However, in the event of a test, it’s a safe bet that several factors will play into determining U. S. response: the preferences of U. S. leaders, domestic lobbying, and geopolitical balance of power considerations. This response will be constrained by the strength of the U. S. -India relationship. Further, due to Indias deepening nuclear ties with the rest of the world, any U. S. response may have only a modest impact on India. If India Tests? The Implications for the Indo-U. S. Civil-Nuclear Deal 2 e The conclusion of the Indo-U. S. civil-nuclear deal in the fall of 2008 arked the end of three years of negotiations between the U. S. and India. Completion of the deal should not, however, obscure the history of domestic debate within the U. S. and India on how the terms of the deal apply. One issue on which lack of consensus notably persists within the U. S. is how the deal would be affected by India testing a nuclear weapon. As a Carnegie Endowment pub lication released during the thick of negotiations predicted, on the topic of nuclear testing, â€Å"[t]he ambiguities of this agreement invite future disputes and recriminations. 1 More recently, a Council on Foreign Relations backgrounder on the deal echoed this sentiment, referring to the repercussions of testing as â€Å"a potential area of dispute. †2 Examining U. S. laws on nuclear exports and cooperation suggests that the President would have to take some mandatory steps in response to a test. But (s)he would also have some discretionary authority. Looking at public statements and government debate on the issue of testing when Congress was negotiating the terms of the deal only underscores this lingering uncertainty about what India can expect from the U.S. if it resumes testing. However, several factors will certainly play into determining whether testing would jeopardize the agreement: who is in power in Washington, the strength of domestic interest groups, and bala nce of power geopolitics. Analysis of these factors suggests that the increasingly close ties between the U. S. and India may leave the U. S. with limited options for influencing India’s behaviour. Burgeoning nuclear ties between India and the rest of the world may further mean that the end of U. S. nuclear cooperation would have only a modest impact on India.The letter of the law U. S. President Bush and Indian Prime Minister Singh’s July 18, 2005, joint statement on civilian nuclear cooperation ushered in a heated debate between their two governments on the terms of this partnership. 3 Testing emerged as one of the most contentious issues from the start. Despite Prime Minister Singh’s promise in the joint statement to continue India’s unilateral moratorium on nuclear testing, many non-proliferation advocates in the U. S. were unhappy that the proposed agreement on cooperation did not explicitly prohibit Indian testing.The stakes were nuclear escalation in an unstable South Asia and the spectre of Indian testing triggering global proliferation. Some noted that the terms of 1 See chart accompanying Sharon Squassoni’s â€Å"Issues in U. S. -India Nuclear Cooperation,† Proliferation Analysis, November 7, 2007, carnegieendowment. org/npp/publications/ index. cfm? fa=view;id=19697. Jayshree Bajoria and Esther Pan, â€Å"The U. S. -India Nuclear Deal,† Backgrounder, Council on Foreign Relations, Updated November 20, 2009, cfr. org/publication/9663/ usindia_nuclear_deal_html. Joint Statement Between President George W. Bush and Prime Minister Manmohan Singh,† July 18, 2005, armscontrol. org/print/3292. 2 3 IDSA Issue Brief 3 the deal could in fact make it easier for India to test. 4 Others simply saw not tying the deal to India signing the Comprehensive Test-Ban Treaty as a missed opportunity for nonproliferation. 5 They pushed for stronger language on the consequences of testing. It was against this backdrop that Congress was conducting hearings on amending U. S. domestic law to loosen nuclear export legislation - the first hurdle to approving the civil-nuclear deal.The U. S. Atomic Energy Act (AEA) requires a formal agreement delineating the terms of civil-nuclear cooperation and stipulates that several criteria be met before such a â€Å"123 agreement† - so-called after section 123 of the Act - can go into effect. Congress had to exempt the proposed U. S. -India 123 Agreement from some of those criteria. Specifically, Congress had to excuse India from full-scope safeguards on all of its nuclear facilities and allow exports even though India had tested nuclear weapons in 1998. These were two equirements negotiators recognized early on as impossible to meet. 6 President Bush signed the Henry J. Hyde United States-India Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Act into law on December 18, 2006, granting the above exemptions and preliminary approval to the civil-nuclear deal. This leg islation arguably comes down clearly on the consequences of future tests: It specifies that all waivers â€Å"shall cease to be effective if the President determines that India has detonated a nuclear explosive device after the date of the enactment of this title. 7 And it does not exempt India from an Atomic Energy Act provision that in the event of a test, a partner country must return nuclear material and equipment acquired through trade. 8 Of course, the President retains the authority subsequently to waive the AEA’s termination of cooperation requirements if he determines that the â€Å"cessation of such exports would be seriously prejudicial to the achievement of United States non-proliferation objectives or otherwise jeopardize the common defence and security. †9 Whether or not the U. S. 4See Michael Krepon’s comments at Arms Control Association briefing, â€Å"The Senate and the U. S. Indian Nuclear Deal: Issues and Alternatives,† November 14, 20 06, armscontrol. org/ print/3230. See Paul K. Kerr, â€Å"U. S. Nuclear Cooperation with India: Issues for Congress,† Congressional Research Service, November 5, 2009, p. 14. Kerr, p. 33. See section 106 â€Å"Inoperability of Determination and Waivers† of Henry J. Hyde United StatesIndia Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Act of 2006. See section 123(a)(4) of the Atomic Energy Act. Kerr, p. 32. 5 6 7 8 9 If India Tests?The Implications for the Indo-U. S. Civil-Nuclear Deal 4 e would in fact require India to return all transferred materials could well depend on what was transferred. If for example, India had only received supplies inconsequential for proliferation at the time of termination, the U. S. would not likely require the return of materials. But the Hyde Act and the Atomic Energy Act clearly provide Congress with unambiguous grounds (some would say mandatory obligations) for ending the deal and requiring India to return nuclear material if India were to again test weapons.In debating the Hyde Act, the U. S. Congress also addressed concerns that the civil-nuclear deal would make it easier for India to test. For example, then-Senator Obama had proposed an amendment to the bill to â€Å"clarify United States policy in order to deter nuclear testing by foreign governments. †10 This amendment, which encourages limits on Indian reactor fuel reserves in order to make testing more difficult in the event of a cut-off of supplies, appeared in the final version of the Hyde Act as Section 103 (b) (10). 1 Following passage of the Hyde Act, the next hurdle to wrapping up the civil-nuclear deal was garnering Congressional approval for the 123 Agreement reached between leaders in Washington and New Delhi in July 2007. The 123 Agreement’s language on testing is not as clear-cut as that of the Hyde and Atomic Energy Acts. 123 agreements usually explicitly prohibit testing. But India had successfully prevented the agreement from including la nguage explicitly stating that renewed nuclear testing would lead to termination of U. S. supplies.The provisions of the 123 Agreement thus raised some questions about whether the U. S. would in fact act decisively were India to test. 12 Congress scrutinized the 123 Agreement’s compliance with the testing provisions of the Hyde and Atomic Energy Acts, focusing on the following passages: The 123 Agreement states that â€Å"[e]ither Party shall have the right to terminate this Agreement prior to its expiration on one year’s written notice to the other Party. †13 10 â€Å"United States-India Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Act,† Congressional Record, November 16, 2006, p. S10985.For more on Senator Obama’s positions on the civil-nuclear deal see Brahma Chellaney, â€Å"Obama’s India-Nuclear Legacy,† Asian Age, June 18, 2008, http:// chellaney. spaces. live. com/blog/cns! 4913C7C8A2EA4A30! 622. entry. Section 103(b)(10) of the Hyde Act states, â€Å"Any nuclear power reactor fuel reserve provided to the Government of India for use in safeguarded civilian nuclear facilities should be commensurate with reasonable reactor operating requirements. † Chellaney’s article is the source for information about Obama’s amendment appearing in the final version of the bill.For further discussion of perceived inconsistencies between the Hyde Act and the 123 Agreement, see Proceedings of the Brookings Institution, July 30, 2008, Washington, D. C. â€Å"The U. S. -India Nuclear Agreement,† participants Stephen P. Cohen, Strobe Talbott, R. Nicholas burns, and Robert Einhorn, scribd. com/doc/6397716/Steve-P-Cohen-The-USIndia-NuclearAgreement-the-Brookings-Institution. All citations from version of â€Å"Agreement for Cooperation Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of India Concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy (123 Agreement)† released by U. S.Department of State, August 3 2007, merln. ndu. edu/archivepdf/ india/State/90157. pdf. 11 12 13 IDSA Issue Brief 5 However, the agreement advises both the U. S. and India to â€Å"consider the relevant circumstances† and â€Å"take into account whether the circumstances that may lead to termination or cessation resulted from a Party’s serious concern about a changed security environment or as a response to similar actions by other States which could impact national security. † Further, the agreement urges both countries to â€Å"recognize that exercising the right of return† to compel India to send back any nuclear material acquired from the U.S. â€Å"would have profound implications for [U. S. -India] relations. † Finally, the agreement also spells out how the U. S. would help India work with other countries on ensuring its fuel supply if the U. S. were to cease supplying to India. 14 Such stipulations provide manoeuvring room for India to defend a decisi on to test as a response to a new security threat from countries such as China or Pakistan and arguably, for the U. S. to find creative ways to respond. Primary sources from when Congress was conducting hearings on the deal offer some clues to how the U.S. could interpret the above language in future scenarios. For example, correspondence between Chairman of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs Tom Lantos and State Department assistant secretary for legislative affairs Jeffrey T. Bergner reflects Congressional concern about what was left unsaid in the 123 Agreement. In response to the question â€Å"Would any of these commitments continue to apply if India detonated a nuclear explosive device? If so, under what circumstances? †, the State Department offered reassurances that the U.S. would have the right to cease nuclear cooperation with India â€Å"immediately. †15 In response to concern that the fuel supply assurances would mitigate the effects of U. S. cut-off, th e State Department clarified that the purpose of these assurances was to â€Å"guard against disruptions of fuel supply to India that might occur through no fault of India’s own. †16 In response to a question about how provisions for a â€Å"lifetime† supply for India’s safeguarded reactors was consistent with Senator Obama’s amendment on limiting fuel 14 The United States will support an Indian effort to develop a strategic reserve of nuclear fuel to guard against any disruption of supply over the lifetime of India’s reactors. If despite these arrangements, a disruption of fuel supplies to India occurs, the United States and India would jointly convene a group of friendly supplier countries to include countries such as Russia, France and the United Kingdom to pursue such measures as would restore fuel supply to India,† Ibid. â€Å"Questions for the Record submitted to Assistant Secretary Bergner by Chairman Tom Lantos House Committee on Foreign Affairs,† October 5, 2007, Question 16.Ibid. , Questions 17 and 18. 15 16 If India Tests? The Implications for the Indo-U. S. Civil-Nuclear Deal 6 e reactor reserves, the State Department replied simply, â€Å"[w]e do not read these provisions to be inconsistent. †17 Finally, when asked why the agreement does not contain â€Å"explicit† language on â€Å"actions that would give the U. S. the right to terminate nuclear cooperation† in the event of a test, the State Department answered that the agreement â€Å"provides for a clear right for the U. S. o terminate nuclear cooperation and a right to require the return of equipment and materials subject to the agreement in all of the circumstances required under the Atomic Energy Act, including if India detonated a nuclear explosive device†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 18 These exchanges offer some insight into how the U. S. could interpret the provisions on testing and termination in the various components of the c ivil-nuclear deal should India ever again test. In underscoring the U. S. right to end cooperation and request the return of nuclear materials, the State Department does not specify whether such a response would be mandatory.Eleventh-hour controversy and persisting post-deal ambiguities The clarifications provided by the State Department did not put an end to debate about Indian testing. In fact, the testing controversy remained live even after President Bush signed the United States-India Nuclear Cooperation Approval and Nonproliferation Enhancement Act, the legislation that approved the 123 Agreement. For example, before sending the bill to the President, the Senate rejected an eleventh-hour amendment to end nuclear exports if India were to test nuclear weapons. 19And even so, the Indian government was taking no chances.Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice had arrived in New Delhi several days after Congress approved the bill and was expected by many to get Indian Foreign Minister Pranab Mukherjee’s signature on the agreement. 20 But the Indian government insisted that President Bush sign first, reportedly in the hope that Bush would make a final statement speaking to India’s concerns about continued fuel supplies if India were to conduct a test. 21 On October 8, 2008, President Bush signed the bill without the much-sought after explicit language on the repercussions of testing.In his statement, he noted simply that the legislation authorizing the 123 Agreement â€Å"does not change the 17 18 19 Ibid. , Question 19. Ibid. , Question 35. Bajoria and Pan. Amendment was S. AMDT. 5683 to H. R. 7081 â€Å"To prohibit nuclear trade with India in the event that India detonates a nuclear weapon and to impose certain certification, reporting, and control requirements. † The amendment was introduced and rejected on October 1, 2008. The Senate passed H. R. 7081 the same day. Rama Lakshmi, â€Å"Glitch Delays Signing of India Nuclear Pact,† T he Washington Post, October 5, 2008. Ibid. 20 21IDSA Issue Brief 7 fuel assurance commitments that the United States Government has made to the Government of India, as recorded in [the agreement]. †22 Just weeks after Bush signed the 123 Agreement, The Washington Times ran an editorial chastising his administration and Congress for approving the deal and urging the incoming Obama administration to end cooperation if India were to resume testing. 23 Citing â€Å"serious concerns† about the deal’s compliance with the standards of the Hyde Act, the authors argued that â€Å"the next administration must make it clear that conditionality or not, the U.S. will cut off nuclear supplies if India conducts another test. † 24 The Obama administration has not released such a statement. More recently, disagreement on the testing issue contributed to delays resolving the latest successfully concluded aspect of the nuclear deal - the terms of the agreement that will all ow India to reprocess spent fuel. In an April 5, 2010, interview, the Carnegie Endowment’s Mark Hibbs was asked about what would happen to the reprocessing agreement if India were to test a nuclear weapon. Hibbs explained that lthough â€Å"[t]he arrangements do not explicitly state that an Indian nuclear test would be grounds for suspending U. S. consent to reprocessing †¦ the United States could base suspension upon its determination that a test constituted a serious threat to U. S. national security. †25 An Arms Control Association report on the terms of the reprocessing agreement clarifies how the repercussions of testing could play out, citing the language of the agreement: The â€Å"sole grounds† for seeking suspension are â€Å"exceptional circumstances limited to† a determination by either party that â€Å"continuance of reprocessing of U.S. -obligated material at the Facility would result in a serious threat to the Party’s national s ecurity† and a determination that â€Å"suspension is an unavoidable measure. †26 The testing issues, it appears, will not be laid to rest anytime soon. Forecasting U. S. response The above overview provides ample evidence of the primacy of the testing issue in negotiations about the civil-nuclear deal and persisting post-deal ambiguities. As this analysis demonstrates, despite vigorous debate and careful examination of the language of each component of the deal, U.S. response to an Indian test is arguably uncertain. Those who want to predict U. S. response should also be mindful that whatever the deal 23 Lawrence J. Korb and Winny Chen, â€Å"U. S. must suspend deal if India tests another nuke,† The Washington Times, November 11, 2008. Ibid. Mark Hibbs, â€Å"Moving Forward on the U. S. -India Nuclear Deal,† Carnegie Endowment, Q;A, April 5, 2010, http://carnegieendowment. org/publications/index. cfm? fa=view;id=40491. Daniel Horner, Arms Control Today, à ¢â‚¬Å"India, U. S. Agree on Terms for Reprocessing,† May 2010, rmscontrol. org/act/2010_05/US-IndiaReprocessing). 24 25 26 If India Tests? The Implications for the Indo-U. S. Civil-Nuclear Deal 8 e says, the president and a simple majority in Congress could enact freestanding legislation to end cooperation. 27 For these reasons, in addition to mining the relevant legislation to identify triggers for termination, onlookers should consider how factors such as the makeup of leadership in Washington, pressures from domestic interest groups, and geopolitical context could play a decisive role in shaping this response.Who’s in power in Washington – Studying the copious record of debate on testing is a reminder of the fact that the Bush administration and Congress did not see eye to eye on all aspects of the deal. With a new president and newly elected members of Congress, some of these fault lines may again appear in the future. President Obama’s statements and positions as a senator give reason to believe he would favour acting decisively if India were to test. Some observers have even contended that the Obama administration has been deliberately slow to implement the civil-nuclear deal, perhaps reflecting residual opposition to its terms. 8 If the American public does not re-elect Obama for a second term, this calculus would shift. Turnover in Congress after the upcoming midterm elections could also shake things up. Domestic interest groups – No matter who is in the White House, any President deciding whether or not to terminate cooperation would want to factor into consideration the growing influence of the Indian American lobby in the U. S. and its perception of a U. S. response. 29 The deal signified an elevation of U. S. -India partnership. Ending the deal could be similarly symbolically significant. Business interests will also shape the nature of U. S. esponse. Some critics of the nuclear deal have long held that business i nterests drove the initiative. 30 And economic self-interest could certainly reduce the likelihood of U. S. termination. American companies such as GE Hitachi and Westinghouse that are poised to construct nuclear reactors in Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat will not want to be cut out of Indian markets. 31 According to a U. S. -India trade group, such business may be worth $130 billion by 2030. 32 27 See Michael A. Levi and Charles D. Ferguson, â€Å"U. S. India Cooperation: A Strategy for Moving Forward,† CSR No. 16, June 2006, Council on Foreign Relations, p. 9. Raja Karthikeya, â€Å"India’s CTBT debate: Conviction or Con‘fusion,’† published on the website of the Center for Strategic and International Studies (http://csis. org), Sept. 28, 2009. For coverage of the growing influence of the Indian American lobby see Mira Kamdar, â€Å"Forget the Israel Lobby. The Hill’s Next Big Player Is Made in India,† The Washington Post, September 30, 2 007, washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/28/ AR2007092801350. html. See for example J. Sri Raman, â€Å"The U. S. -India nuclear deal – one year later,† Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, October 1, 2009, hebulletin. org/web-edition/features/the-us-indianuclear-deal-one-year-later. Randy Woods, â€Å"India names sites to host reactors by GE Hitachi, Westinghouse,† Nucleonics Week, October 22, 2009. Mark Hibbs, â€Å"Moving Forward on the U. S. -India Nuclear Deal,† Carnegie Endowment, Q;A, April 5, 2010, http://carnegieendowment. org/publications/index. cfm? fa=view;id=40491. 28 29 30 31 32 IDSA Issue Brief 9 Balance of power geopolitics – Concern about preserving the balance of power in Asia and assessing the motives that may have led India to test in the first place will also play a role in determining U.S. response to an Indian test. India may in the future want to expand its nuclear arsenal or increase the credibility of its th ermonuclear deterrent in response to developments in neighbouring countries. If India were to test following overt territorial aggression by China or Pakistan, then it is probable the U. S. government would indeed excuse Indian tests. If India were to test in the wake of testing by China or Pakistan, it is again possible that the U. S. would tolerate a reciprocal act, though it is hard to imagine officials in Washington not feeling compelled to respond in some shape or form.It should also be noted that the U. S. will probably have to impose sanctions on India regardless of what steps (if any) it takes with respect to ending nuclear cooperation. The Glenn Amendment to the Arms Export Control Act mandates that the U. S. cease assistance to any non-nuclear weapons state involved in the transfer or use of a nuclear explosive device, although the president has authority to delay imposing sanctions if he deems they would be â€Å"detrimental to the national security of the United Statesà ¢â‚¬  and waive them entirely with Congress’s approval. 3 This was the law triggered in 1998 when India conducted five nuclear explosions in the desert of Rajasthan. But the impact of such sanctions has been debated. 34 The political will to maintain sanctions against India (and Pakistan, which had conducted its own nuclear tests following India’s tests) seems to have been lacking as penalizing India became less important than securing business opportunities and India’s partnership on emerging regional security concerns. Congress repealed sanctions against India less than two years after they went into effect. 5 As the above snapshots of the factors that could determine a U. S. response to Indian testing suggest, people-to-people, business, and security ties between the U. S. and India have only grown since then. These factors (with the exception of the make-up of U. S. leadership) demonstrate the ways in which U. S. response to Indian testing could be complica ted by the transformation of the U. S. -India relationship since the end of the Cold War. Increasing partnership may limit the scenarios under which the U. S. would end the civil-nuclear deal or take supplementary steps such as imposing sanctions.Why ending the deal may not matter to India Understanding how India will be impacted by a U. S. response to testing is as important 33 See Section 102(b) of the Arms Control Export Act. India is a non-nuclear weapons state as defined by the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. For a comprehensive discussion of the impact of the 1998 sanctions against India and Pakistan see Robert M. Hathaway, â€Å"Confrontation and Retreat: The U. S. Congress and the South Asian Nuclear Tests,† Arms Control Today, January/February 2000, armscontrol. org/act/2000_0102/rhjf00. Ibid. 34 35 If India Tests?The Implications for the Indo-U. S. Civil-Nuclear Deal 10 e considering the nature of the response. There is good reason to believe that India would as n ot be adversely affected by a cut-off of U. S. nuclear supplies. Even if the U. S. stops nuclear cooperation with India, several other countries are poised to step in and begin exporting fuel and technology to India. Shortly before Congress approved the deal, the Nuclear Supplies Group agreed to exempt India from the usual rules governing global nuclear trade, freeing India to cooperate with other NSG member states on nuclear trade.India currently has bilateral nuclear agreements in place with the U. S. , France, Russia, Kazakhstan and Canada. 36 The NSG exemption opening up trade with India may in fact be the most significant legacy of the civil-nuclear deal. As George Perkovich explains, â€Å"[i]f India were to test a nuclear device after several years of receiving fuel imports, it would be able to withstand interruption of foreign fuel supplies, especially if in the intervening period India increases its own uranium mining operations. 37 This analysis suggests that Senator Obam a was prescient when pushing for limits on Indian reactor fuel reserves. In the future, however, cut-off of U. S. supplies may not be a sufficient tool for preventing Indian proliferation. Conclusion By some calculations, the chances that India will test a nuclear weapon in the coming years have never been high, deal or no deal. But if India again surprises the world as it did in 1998, then conversations on the implications for the deal will undoubtedly be about more than its finely wrought language.The above record of debate on testing speaks to the depth of American concern that testing will lead to unstable nuclear escalation and to the lengths the U. S. went to in order to deter India from conducting new tests. But the end result of those negotiations also underscores U. S. resolve to forge a new relationship with India despite evident disagreement on a thorny issue. In the event of a test, it’s a safe bet that the preferences of U. S. eaders, domestic lobbying, and geopo litical balance of power considerations will play a role in determining U. S. response. The effect of that response on an India that is itself deepening ties with the U. S. and diversifying its partnerships is equally worth contemplating. 36 Urjit R. Patel, â€Å"Crucial Deadline for Nuclear Energy Business in India,† The Brookings Institution, brookings. edu/opinions/2010/0817_nuclear_energy_india_patel. aspx. George Perkovich, â€Å"Global implications of the U. S-India deal,† Daedalus, Winter 2010, p. 26. 37

Contract law- problem question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Contract law- problem question - Essay Example (Thomas v. Thomas)2 The position in respect of existing obligations under a contract and whether they can act as good consideration will now be discussed. One of situation is the one where variation of existing obligations under a contract between the parties occurs.The principle has been modified but the extent to which such modification applies remains unclear. The long established principle in respect of variation of terms and promises in that respect was that of Stilk v. Myrick3whereby it was a long accepted principle that if there was an existing contractual obligation it could never be relied upon that is it could not as good consideration for a fresh promise with the person to whom the existing obligation was owed.. The decision of Stilk and it being good law is doubtful after the case of Williams v Roffey Brothers4the facts of the case were that carpenters, plaintiff, while doing their work, asked the defendants for additional amount of money to finish the work even though they were no doing anything more than what they were already obliged to do. After completion of the work the defendants refused to pay the plaintiff. The main argument that was put forward was that there had been no consideration for the defendants’ promise to pay the additional amount and the decision of Stilk and its application would lead to the promise being construed unenforceable. However, the Court of Appeal found that that plaintiff’ could recover the promised payments for completion of work of the flats, the Court gave a broader meaning to consideration than what had been previously given. The reasoning of Glidewell LJ in particular referred to the point of ‘practical benefits’ which were likely to have accrued to the defendants as a result of them paying the additional promised amount of money, these were that such a promise ensure that the plaintiffs stayed and continued work thus the

California Indians Surviving the Gold Rush Essay

California Indians Surviving the Gold Rush - Essay Example The easiest way to survive was, perhaps, the most humiliating. Some Indians allowed their oppressors to "civilize" them. By adopting white styles of dress, living in modern, rather than traditional homes, and most importantly, but kowtowing to the white man and embracing his religion, some native people were able to keep their own lives. In Deeper than Gold: Indian Life in the Sierra Foothills, Brian Bibby writes of a man called Billy Preacher, who, based on the stories and artifacts he left behind, had a strong belief in and connection to his own religion and culture. However, Billy Preacher, "accommodating to change" (Bibby 30), goes to work on a white man's ranch and eventually takes on his employer's culture. Bibby states that this ranch, "provided a safe haven and labor opportunities for individuals and families who had been disinherited from their former homes by the influx of miners and settlers to the region" (Bibby 30). Billy Preacher, at the end of his life, has converted t o Christianity and in appearance appears almost completely European. Servitude was more or less expected by the white man, who saw the Native as, at best, a useful servant, and, at worst, a pest to be exterminated. For this reason, many Indians found it simpler to cater to the invaders, whoever they were.

Portrayal of Terrorism in Film

Portrayal of Terrorism in Film Luke Costen Terrorism and the mutual influentially of the British film industry, the genre of satire Terrorism is an exceedingly ambivalent topic and one that becomes particularly ambiguous when attempting to define. When trying to comprehend the motivations of a specific terrorist organisation, one must start by considering the context of the acts of terrorism, by exploring ‘the historical, social, economic, ethnic and even psychological factors that have some influence on thought, behaviour and action.’ (Whittaker, 2012: 4) thus the notion of a universal and objective definition is virtually impossible. The dissimilarities between the United Kingdom’s and the USA’s definitions raise controversy over the evidently contextual and subjective nature of what terrorism is. ‘The use or threat, for the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause, of action which involves serious violence against any person or property’ (Whittaker, 2012: 3). This definition appropriately legitimises the existence of state terrorism, theoretically defining the USA as a state terrorist, due to the atrocities taking place in the Middle East over the past decade. Whilst the USA’s equivalent contrasts this idea, it states that terrorism must be surreptitious and committed by subnational groups. This essay will explore the notion of political communication, demonstrating the mutual influence between contemporary Terrorist organisations, particularly Jihadism and the satirical genre, within the British film industry. This essay will thus formulate the context of the following case study; an analysis of Four Lions (2010), a black comedy that provocatively satirises Islamic terrorism, humanising the British born anti-protagonist terrorists, exploring indoctrination, islamophobia, and police inadequacy when combating the issue of terrorism. The 7thJuly 2005 London bombings resonate throughout the text, creating a social commentary on the event and the obsession that the conservative western media have with Islamic fundamentalism, that further assist the feeling of estrangement of British born Muslims. The most important aspect in what politicises communication is not the origin of the message, instead it is the subject matter and the intentions of the message. (Denton and Woodward, 1990: 11) This defines political communication as accessible to anyone intending to make a statement about a political issue in society, emphasising that communicating politically is not exclusive to the government and the elites that control global and national politics. This therefore allows the public to convey political messages through any means possible, such as any form of media or even the body itself (the black or homosexual liberation). However this can be contested as acquiring a credible platform may require an already cemented position or political power, those who do, will find it considerably simpler to secure media coverage; hence it is far easier to express their message. (Wolfsfeld, 2011: 2) Film as well as other varying media can be seen as a process that allows an individual to reach a target audience as well as wider audience, in order to convey the intended political message, and can perhaps give some explanation to why bodies are used in extreme forms of political communication. Both acts of terrorism and the film industry can be equally seen as diverse forms of political communication, in an attempt to highlight prevalent issues in society. Respectively terrorism, specifically suicide terrorism is the most radical practice of political communication and one that is almost impossible to entirely understand. In the context of religious suicide, an unfamiliar concept in secular society is still far easier to understand then the secular suicide. The radicalised Muslim; mujahedeen will be profoundly rewarded for partaking in the holy war and, completing God’s will in destroying the infidel forces, his family will be cared for, and receive a payment for their loss a sort of life insurance. (Whittaker, 2011: 26) Although the practise of film-making in its original form is not inherently politically or artistically charged, its malleability and diversity as a creative media allow for artistic and political expression. It is the director or producers of a film text that can therefore express artistic and political visions creating an immersive form of political communication. Hunger (2008) follows Bobby Sands, an imprisoned IRA member who sees the sacrifice of his life as imperative for the gain of political objectives. Hunger seeks to alter views on IRA as in Britain intrinsically evil, viewing the group as freedom fighters searching for independence. Of course the act of terrorism in itself is evil, but issues of context tell a Janus-faced story, ultimately humanising the individuals of a considerably inferior political group.Hunger(2008) demonstrates the political methods Margret Thatcher used against the IRA prisoners, she refused to politicise the IRA members. This would, firstly define t hem as political prisoners, but more importantly humanise the individual people behind the acts of terrorism, thus accepting that their political ideologies were legitimate and subjective value systems, with historical, social and cultural contexts. Ignoring this would further alienate the IRA from the British public, rejecting any potential sense of compassion or empathy, forcing a prolonged, futile and failed attempt to reclaim their independence from the imperialist head of state. The terrorist group sacrifices their life for the progression and development of their cause; they are generally oppressed over an elongated period of time and see the act as the appropriate and imperious motives so that collective institutions are able to prosper. (Whittaker, 2011:25-26) Consequently comparisons can be drawn in the attempts to combat Jihadism and a similar rhetoricis used by the mass-media in order to strip political legitimacy. However Thatcher’s rhetoric of rejecting the political was already in place, as Jihadism, is the collective union ofIslamicbrothers and the ‘holy war against the infidel.’ (Whittaker, 2011: 47) So the context of religion is what takes centre stage, thus comparisons to similar consequences can be drawn. However religion can be politicised particularly in the form of terrorism, as political objectives exist simultaneously with religious ones. Martyrdom is highly regarded for the fundamentalist, and believes they will be rewarded for completing God’s will, whilst the terrorist organisation benefits from political gain. (Noonan, 200: 97) The British mass media seldom politicise Jihadism terrorism, in order tomaintain the public’s lack of comprehension, and detachment of the individual, preventing the public from seeing a rational person with emotions and a conscience. A stereotypical Arabian image of Islam has now become synonymous with the inimical image of world terrorism, due to the Middle Eastern origins of Jihadism. The mass-media has thus created an archetypal enemy with distinguishable ideologies, belief systems, creating the illusion that they oppose our own, and finally an image that can be applied to Asian Muslims. This has produced cultural alienation, a prominent issue in multi-cultural societies, where British born Muslims become estranged from their nationality and society, thus become easily radicalised. Attacks are unforeseeable and committed discreetly by inconspicuous people. (Whittaker, 2011: 71) Essentially the film industries main purpose within a capitalist system is to make a profit, although the British film may have more artistic and political integritythanAmerican cinema, its inherent principles are fundamentally neoliberal. These values rivalIslamicfundamentalists of Islam, and represent USA’s and the UK’s dominating force of culture imperialism within the Middle East. In the wake of the Iraq war, markets previously out of reach of American influences, were placed directly under the control of a small group of American business’ by means of government contracts. (Harvey, 2005: 7) British film can be interpreted as mutually influencing with terrorism, propagating the view that the Western economic and political ideology is culturally superior to that of the East, and the contemptible notion that it is the duty of the western world is to civilize Islam, exploiting the economic gain of neoliberalising newly occupied nations and the continuous turning of the lucrative war machine. Thus western values inhabit underlining themes in film, such as the capitalist dream, the monetisation of practically everything, commonly denouncing religion, and neglecting equal ethnic diversity. The Terrorist Act [2000] considerably increased policing power, and ‘has no such provision,’ (unlike previous counter-terrorist measures) ‘and this is its chief danger’ (McGovern, 2010: 138). Counter-terrorism is a self-explanatory process; acts are put in place increasing the policing powers in order to prevent terrorism in the process. Conversely counter-terrorism acts can be abused placing too much power in the police force, this allows for the potential on infringement on civil liberties, thus placing too much power in the inevitable inherent prejudices that some police officers may have. It is therefore possible that this could cause a detrimental effect on society forcing an insurgence of‘ home-grown’ terrorists to emerge. It is conceivable to assume that the Muslim community can become disillusioned in British society due to ‘neo-conservative counter-terrorism’ in place. (Whittaker, 2011: 77)The way that film and terrorism in fluence one another is not solely negative. Simply the inclusion of thesubject matter of terrorism in British film is a significant discourse continually evolving the views on the existing ideologies around why people commit terrorism. A film with a strong political subject matter can influence the public’s perceptions, educating the inevitable confused and fearful opinion formulated by the mass-media’s outlook. Theoretically this can be viewed as a counter-terrorist measure, in an attempt to reveal contexts of a side of the narrative rarely explored, assisting in eliminating ethnic and religious divides and the sense of estrangement found in British-born Muslims. British Film often represents terrorism contrarily to that of the mass-media, creating thought-provoking representations of theindividuals behind the terrorist acts. Through the exploration ofcultural, political and social factors, British film generallyhumanisesthe terrorist but never legitimises or validates the actual acts. Conversely it understands that for oppressed groups there is usually no alternative course of action, showing that there is always more than one side to a narrative, usually told with a level of bias, in context to one’s own political agenda. ‘the term ‘terrorist’ is value-laden, and may be rejected by groups whose members may prefer to see themselves as ‘freedom fighters’ in ‘national liberation’ or ‘resistance’ movements, (McNair, 2011: 9)The Wind that Shakes the Barley(2006) authenticates the IRA struggle against the imperial empire and following young members of the IRA and the struggles again st British imperialism. Satire is the generic form of artistic and political expression typically used as a form of political communication, expressing itself through the use of humour and wit and critiquing existing social or political issues within the public sphere. The job of the satirist is to scrutinise the ubiquitous corrupt or immoral political issues in society. Satire was patented in the form of literary work but is now seen as ‘the process of attacking by ridicule in any medium’ (Hodgart, 1969: 7). British film often represents the terrorist as the freedom fighter, politically satirising the perception of the differences between the two.Brazil(1985)satirises the bureaucratic political system and the omnipotent authoritarian government. Harry Tuttle is an alleged terrorist; he illegally repairs citizens, thus breaking the rules of the bureaucratic state. In reality Harry Tuttle is a freedom fighter, liberating individuals from the endless administrative process that is required by the government. The terrorist attack on the Danish cartoons and more recently the murders of the CharlieHebdomagazine exposed the limitations of the freedom of expression, and the fine line between political satire and the incitement of hate. ‘It is an expression of free speech, [] Among the several tests by which we measure the extent of individual freedom, the right to ridicule must be included.’ (Freedman, 2009: 164) Forcefully instigating a reaction through the crass depiction of sacred figure will inevitably provoke a response fromIslamicfundamentals. Political satire of the ‘other’ is created in relation to the increasing social tensions regarding numbers of immigration, particularly in France were the rise of the far right-wing party in France; Le Front National, and a history of banning religious signifiers such as the Burka, create an unstable and fluctuating marginalisation of an already isolated Muslim community. When combined with the increasing and hostile isla mophobic rhetoric frequently used in the mass-media, forces the estranged and isolated members of the society to seek collective acceptance and meaning in extreme fundamentalism taking out the anger on the society that rejected them. Political communication is how each politicised text interacts with each other, and practically anything can be politicised. In political communication, it is not the origin of the message that deciphers whether or not something can communicate politically but instead it is the focus and the objective of that message. Through the examples of British film as mutually influential with the actions of terrorist organisations is the idea of humanising the individual member’s image of the terrorist. Underneath the terrorists political agenda is a person with thoughts and emotions, and reading deeper into the social, historical and cultural contexts help give the public or audiences they are attempting to shock a better understanding of the motives and intentions of committing such heinous crimes. Bibliography Denton, R. E., Woodward, G. C. (1990). Political Communication in American. New York, Praeger. Freedman, L. (2009). The Offensive Art. London: Praeger. Harvey, D. (2005).A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford: OUP. Hodgart, J. (1969).Satire. Hampshire: BAS Printers Limited. McGovern, M. (2010). Ignatieff, Ireland and the ‘less evil’: some problems with the lesson. In: Discourses and Practices of Terrorism – Interrogating terror. London and New York: Routledge. McNair, B. (2011). An Introduction to Political Communication. 5th ed. London and New York: Routledge. Noonan, J. (2010) Fundamentalist foundations of terrorist practice – The political logic of self-sacrifice. In: Discourses and Practices of Terrorism – Interrogating terror. London and New York: Routledge. Pollard, A. (1970). Satire: The Critical Idiom. Methuen Co Ltd: London Whittaker, D. (2012).The Terrorism Reader. 4th ed. Oxon: Routledge. Wolfsfeld, G. (2011). Making Sense of Media and Politics: Five Principles in Political Communication. Abingdon: Taylor Francis. Filmography Brazil (1985) Directed by Terry Gillingham [Film]. UK: Embassy International Pictures Four Lions (2010) Directed by Chris Morris [Film]. UK: Film4, Warp Films, Wild Bunch Hunger (2008) Directed by Steve McQueen [Film]. UK/Ireland: Film4 The Wind That Shakes the Barley (2006) Directed by Ken Loach [Film]. Ireland/UK: Sixteen Films, Matador Pictures, Regent Capital, UK Film Council 1

A Christmas Carol Essay example -- English Literature

A Christmas Carol Stave 1: Scrooge’s character is established early in stave 1. Dickens shows his popularity by showing us his relationships with people in his surroundings. We can tell scrooge is unpopular as the narrator portrays him as a â€Å"Tight fisted hand at the grindstone.† Scrooges name give us a similarity between the word scrounge what is to be tight with money and every opportunity to make money, this automatically helps us launch an understanding that he is tight with his money, what is necessary to associate him as nasty old man. When the narrator is describing Scrooge he uses words that help us negotiate an opinion that Scrooge is an aggressive and is detested by person. It helps us find out that scrooge is a bitter, mean, twisted, moody and selfish old man. The narrator Charles Dickens builds the foundation of our understanding of our knowledge that he is despised by referring to him as â€Å"a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous old sinner† that helps us portray that scrooge is tight with his money. Dickens also tells us that he is â€Å"External heart and cold had little influence on scrooge† and also that scrooge says â€Å"no warmth, and no wintry winter cold chill scrooge.† In general scrooge is described to have poor relations with other people and literally he is a loner, but this is what he wants. Scrooge is known by people as a bitter old man, as when he walks down the street people avoid his wicked ways. In a way it as if scrooge wants to stay alone and he may enjoy being despised by others. Dickens goes on to mention how he was avoided on the street, â€Å"No beggars implored him to bestow a trifle† and that no one would dare give a greeting as they would only be ignor... ...d people are beginning to accept scrooge. Extension: The narratorial voice and Christian morality enrich the reading experience of â€Å"A Christmas Carol† by making the play more enthusiastic. On the first page of â€Å"A Christmas Carol† dickens narratorial voice comes across when he describes Marley as â€Å"dead as a door nail.† The Christian morality in this story helps us navigate a decision that Dickens is a very true Christian. The moral of this story is hidden in the depth of the story, the moral is to be kind hearted and to be generous. These shows to be weary of what can happen if you are not generous and that, you will be punished and will feel guilty if you persist on being the same. In the form of scrooge it shows us that you can be happy and the richest man in the world for helping people, maybe not in the form of money but in the form of happiness.

Marriages are Made in Heaven

Wearing the school uniform, Yu arrived at the food shop operated by her parents in Taichung. â€Å"Mom,† said Yu, â€Å"Give me a sandwich for lunch†¦ quick please! I'm going to be late.† â€Å"So why didn't you have your lunch in school? You won't be late if you did do so†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The mother mumbled. â€Å"I'm sorry.† Yu dared not to argue with her mother. After fetching the sandwich, she had to rush to school in a hurry. She's only young once. That year she was a seventeen-year-old girl in Taiwan. That was a sunny day. When Yu was on her way home, she saw a group of people filming movie in the street. â€Å"Action!† A man with sun-glasses shouted. Driven by curiosity, Yu stood aside and watched. Suddenly a man came into her sight— he was ordinary and was about twenty something years old. He sat on the stairs nearby for taking a rest. Yu noticed that he hurt his leg. He was bleeding! Being always kind-hearted, she went in front of the man, gave him a tissue paper and then asked him softly, â€Å"Are you alright?† â€Å"Thanks,† The man nodded and smiled, â€Å"I'm fine. It doesn't matter.† It was about half past six already. Yu could not go back home too late or else she would be punished, â€Å"I need to go now†¦ bye!† â€Å"Bye,† the man responded. â€Å"What a lovely girl!† he thought. It had been one week since the day Yu met the man. From that day onward, Yu went and watched the movie filming after school everyday. She did enjoy watching it. But, somehow she found that chatting with that man named Paul was indeed much more fun. â€Å"Yu, why are you so late again?† mother asked. â€Å"Sorry mom,† Yu answered, â€Å"I have so many things to do in school these days.† Yu returned to her bedroom, writing her diary: â€Å"Watching the movie filming after school has become part of my daily life! Paul is so humorous! He told me lots of things today. Surprisingly, he was born in a poor family in Hong Kong; this made him not to have the chance of studying in secondary school. Therefore, he started working when he was just about 14 years old. With relative low educational level but has a great knowledge in Chinese kung fu, he applied for the movie stunt man†¦ Well I think Paul's life is extra-ordinary. By the way, he got much better now. I mean the new cut on his hand has healed up already! Thanks God! Besides, he†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  Paul gave a bunch of red roses to Yu. â€Å"Happy birthday!† he said. Yu was glad, â€Å"thank you so much! This is my first time receiving flowers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yu,† Paul felt a bit embarrassed, â€Å"Could I†¦ have dinner with you tonight?† â€Å"Sure!† Yu answered, â€Å"But let me go home and get dressed first.† â€Å"Okay. I will wait for you in front of the Good Luck Restaurant. See you!† Paul said. Yu was really excited. Paul always gave her a surprise. He was great. So far, he was the only one who would give her such special feelings. â€Å"Mom,† Yu said, â€Å"I need to go out for dinner†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"With whom?† mother wondered, â€Å"And why? We have prepared something to celebrate your birthday already†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"With my friends†¦ I mean my classmates. They have booked a table in the restaurant to celebrate with me, that's why I couldn't refuse them. I promise you, I will go back home before ten o'clock and then celebrate with you again†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Yu went out of her bedroom. She was already dressed and prepared to go out, â€Å"I need to go now. Bye mom!† She went out quickly, leaving her mother looking at the bunch of roses questioningly, â€Å"What's going on with my daughter?† Paul and Yu were sitting at the table near the windows of the Good Luck Restaurant. â€Å"Yu, do you know†¦ it has been thirty-three days since I first met you.† Paul said. â€Å"Oh you still remember?† Yu was delighted. â€Å"Yes I do. I remember†¦ every moment being with you†¦ always.† They smiled, looking at each other. After that Paul abased his head, â€Å"actually, the movie filming is going to finish within these few days.† â€Å"Oh†¦ where will you go then?† Yu was nervous. â€Å"I will go back to Hong Kong†¦ I may not see you in the near future. Therefore, I want to tell you something important before I leave†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Paul said it seriously, â€Å"Yu, I don't want to be your friend†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"What?† Yu didn't understand. Paul fixed his eyes on Yu, â€Å"I mean, I want to be your boyfriend!† â€Å"Boy†¦ boyfriend?† â€Å"Yes. Because I love you†¦ truly love you that I c an no longer treat you as my ordinary friend!† Time was still. It seemed that they were the only two people in the whole world†¦ Yu had got into a big trouble. Those days without Paul were lengthy and lonely. Every time when she thought of the time being with Paul, every time when she thought of the words Paul told her on her birthday, every time when she thought of the promise made by Paul†¦ it was really a kind of torture! Nothing would be sadder than two people who love each other so much being separated. Paul had gone for nearly a year already. In these days, Yu could only communicate with him by writing letters. If it was possible, Yu would phone him. They missed each other a lot and their love never stopped growing. Sometimes, when Yu was in a weak moment, she wondered if the relationship between her and Paul could keep long. Paul was in Hong Kong whereas she was in Taiwan. She promised him she would write many many letters to him, but was it enough to maintain their love? Would their love be a â€Å"soon got, soon gone† one? He promised her he would marry her when he got enough money, but was it a joke? Would it be fulfilled? Hardly could Yu see her future through a mist. Anyway she would wait for Paul. Yu's mother noticed her daughter's suspicious acts, having checked her daughter's diary and letters, she knew that her daughter had fallen in love with a guy called â€Å"Paul†. She started questioning and arguing with Yu, â€Å"tell me!† she shouted at Yu, â€Å"who is Paul? You think that I know nothing else right?† Yu was angry too, â€Å"I want to ask you too! Why did you read my diary and letters without asking me? You never respect me!† Yu cried, â€Å"I don't understand why you never give me the freedom to do what I want to do!† Mother bemused. Never could she think that her daughter would talk to her in this way. The â€Å"cold war† between Yu and her mother thus broke out. They stopped talking to each other for nearly half month. Yu's father, who was always a clam but a mind reader, understood everything clearly and tried to do something rebuilding the relationship between Yu and her mother. â€Å"Yu,† father told her, â€Å"you should tell your mother what you feel. And, if it can be done, introduce that guy to your mom.† Yu was worried, â€Å"Paul will come to Taiwan again next week. He said, he's going to marry me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"And do you wish to? Are you sure? Marry in haste, and repent at leisure†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Yu's father was shocked, but he kept calm. â€Å"I did think about it deeply before.† Yu said, â€Å"Marriage is a lottery. Once you meet your Mr. Right, you should not give him up. I truly know what I am doing, what I am looking for.† â€Å"So bring him here,† Father promised, â€Å"I will always support you.† A tense atmosphere. Sitting on the sofa, mother stared at Paul. â€Å"Yu told me that†¦ you are a movie stunt man?† â€Å"Yes auntie† Paul answered politely. â€Å"Maintaining a family is not easy. It is the responsibility for a man to take good care of his family†¦ provide all the best for his family†¦ you know what I mean?† â€Å"I have stable salaries. And, I live in a flat in Hong Kong with my mom†¦ though it's not very big. I have the ability to take good care of my family— I'm sure, though I'm not rich†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Paul stressed. â€Å"So have you studied in any university†¦ or any secondary school?† Mother was being so mean. â€Å"No,† Paul replied, â€Å"but I don't think that it's a big problem— at least, I can earn a living now†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Fine. Do you think that Yu can accommodate herself to a strange place? If she goes to Hong Kong with you†¦ I will†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Yu's mother couldn't control her emotio n. She was in tears. â€Å"Mom,† Yu also melt into tears, â€Å"I know you love me so much†¦ But the point is, I don't want to marry a person that I know that I can live with; I only want to marry someone that I cannot live without!† In silence. Yu's father touched her wife on the shoulder, â€Å"let her go†¦ she has the right to choose.† In the wedding ceremony, the bridegroom and the bridge were a good match. â€Å"Yu,† Paul said, â€Å"I will make a good match for you.† Yu smiled, â€Å"later, I can prove to my dad and mom that, I had made a good match too.† This is the end of this story. However, it is just a new start between Paul and Yu. Their own story will continue, until the end of their lives.