The Hunting Ground, Directed By Kirby Dick - 1557 Words

I am writing to you today out of concern for many students, specifically female Penn Staters. Sexual assault is something that is frequently occurs at every university, especially this one. â€Å"At Penn State’s campus alone, since the beginning of the 2012-2013 school year, almost 30 sexual assaults have been reported to local and off-campus police departments† (Thomas par. 2). Penn State University has a rich history that dates all the way back to 1855, but that history has since been marred by the night life here in State College. Sexual assault is an extremely hot topic right now, especially after the new release of the featured film of 2015, â€Å"The Hunting Ground† directed by Kirby Dick. This film opened the eyes of the public to sexual assaults on college campuses and how frequent they really are. Dr. Barron, the number of sexual assaults at Penn State needs to decrease drastically and in order to do that we need to educate the students as much as possib le, increase the number of on campus police officers, enhance the punishment for sexual assault crimes, and work closely with the town police as well. â€Å"The Rape, Abuse, and Incest National Network reports that college-aged women are four times more likely than any other age group to face sexual assault† (Lam par. 3). Sexual assault unfortunately occurs at every university. This letter is not going to solve the issue completely and make Penn State a 100% safe campus where sexual assault never occurs. This letter is intendedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie The Hunting Ground 1281 Words   |  6 PagesWS 135 Dr. Slagter Outside Event 1 4/24/15 The Hunting Ground For my outside event I chose to attend the screening of â€Å"The Hunting Ground† which was directed by Kirby Dick, who also directed the film, â€Å"The Invisible War†. In addition to the special screening of this film, Kirby Dick made a special appearance for a post-film discussion. The event began at 5:30P.M. and went on till about 7:30P.M. or so which began with a rocky start as Kirby Dick was scheduled to arrive in time to introduce the

Bill Gates and Microsoft - 1662 Words

Bill Gates and Microsoft â€Å"Microsoft was founded based on my vision of a personal computer on every desk and in every home, all running Microsoft software,† Bill Gates once remarked (Stevenson). Everyone has their own dream but this was Bill Gates dream when he first co-founded Microsoft. This dream came to haunt him 12 years later when he was caught. Microsoft was charged with using its power to eliminate its competitor in the Web-browser market in the mid-90s (Stevenson). Bill Gates’ dreams and passions lead him to try to monopolize the computer industry using Microsoft and the antitrust lawsuit that followed. The early life of Gates got him interested in computers. Bill Gates was the son of William Henry Gates III and Mary†¦show more content†¦Because of this and Microsoft not allowing the installation of other web browser the rivals of Microsoft said that they were forcing their customers to use Internet Explorer (â€Å"Bill Gates†). In the mid-90s, Microsoft was selling millions of copes each months and Gates’ fortune had once again ballooned on the strength of other developers’ ideas (Stevenson). By the 1990s, Microsoft came under heavy heat from the government and other companies. The Federal Trade Commission began to investigate Microsoft for antitrust violations and there were also companies that were in the same business field as Microsoft filed a lawsuit against Microsoft saying that they violated the antitrust laws (Reynolds). This was before Window 3.0 exists and the internet was an obscure academic curiosity. â€Å"The software market is changing faster than the Clinton Administration can regulate it† (Reynolds). This quote means that during this time the technology were advancing so fast that even the government cannot keep track of what companies. Even though there were nearly ten times as many subscribers using America Online than Microsoft Network for internet service, America Online was still scared of Microsoft Network (Reynolds). Microsoft was so big that even other big companies were scared of them. The first antitrust lawsuit against Gates and Microsoft was in 1994. After Gates settled this court case, he argued that this latest ruling permitted Microsoft to go on as ifShow MoreRelatedBill Gates and Microsoft Essay754 Words   |  4 PagesMicrosoft Microsoft is one of the famous computer operating system, started by Bill Gates and Paul G. Allen. They both are two boyhood friends from Seattle. From 1982- 1985, Microsoft works on their first version of a new operating system called Windows. Windows was first announced to the public in 1983, but took some time. Some skeptics call it vaporware. After two years when Windows had its initial announcement, Microsoft shipped Windows 1.0 on Nov 20, 1985. Now what people do that typing MS-Read MoreBill Gates : President And Founder Of Microsoft1840 Words   |  8 Pagesthe world. But what I really admire and inspire me a lot is Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft. I like him because he is a very successful business man and he was also a great leader for his company Microsoft. Bill Gates is very nice, he s really concerned about his employees in the company and also other people in the world who need help. In this article I will explain life and career. Bill Gates is the president and founder of Microsoft. He was born in Oct 28th 1955 in Washington State. He wroteRead MoreEssay on Microsoft: Paul Allen and Bill Gates 1875 Words   |  8 Pagesdeveloping world of technology, many tried, but only a few could get a stake in the fast moving industry and throughout it all one name has stamped their name on the PC business, Microsoft. It started with two teenagers who envisioned an endless world of possibilities for the world of computing at an early stage. Paul Allen and Bill Gates were two high school students who attended Lakeside their dreams of one day being computer moguls started with a word processor, the Teletype Model 33 that they played withRead MoreEssay about Steve Jobs of Apple and Bill Gates of Microsoft554 Words   |  3 Pagesthe other hand, Bill Gates (born in Seattle, Washington on the 28th of October 1955) is married to Melinda French Gates and has three children. Bill Gates is the co-founder and current Chairman and Chief Software Architect of Microsoft. Both started their careers almost at the same time and within the same industry. They are without a doubt two of the most successful and wealthy men in the PC industry. Steve Jobs is a true creative thinker and technological leader while Bill Gates is the opportunityRead MoreMicrosoft Corporation Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4, 1975 to1500 Words   |  6 PagesMicrosoft Corporation Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4, 1975 to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for Altair 8800. Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, that develops, manufactures, licenses, supports and sells computer software, consumer electronics and personal computers and services. Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, Microsoft Office suite, and InternetRead MoreMicrosoft began when two inspirational young men, Bill Gates and Paul Allen, to develop BASIC1800 Words   |  8 PagesMicrosoft began when two inspirational young men, Bill Gates and Paul Allen, to develop BASIC language software for ALTAIR 8800. Today, Microsoft is the world’s largest software company and an undeniable force in the computing world. Microsoft’s products are used across the world, from every age to every race. Microsoft is the parent company of the Windows operating syst em, Internet Explorer browser, the Office suite of programs, and the Xbox game system. The company has a revenue of $60.42 billionRead MoreBill Gates : The World s Prime Software Business1606 Words   |  7 Pages William Henry Gates; who is well known as Bill Gates was born on 28th of Oct, 1955, in Washington. In age of 13 Gates started showing curiosity in computer programming when he was at Lakeside school and pursued his passion through college. Striking out on his own with his friend and business partner Paul Allen, Gates found himself at the right place at the right time. Through technological modernization, strong business strategy and aggressive business tactics, he built the world s prime softwareRead MoreEssay on Biography of Bill Gates951 Words   |  4 PagesReport: Bill Gates Bill Gates Did you know that the richest man in the world is Bill gates? He currently has a net worth of 96 million dollars. Bill Gates is the inventor of the global software giant, Microsoft. About 48 percent of computers around the world are running Microsoft Windows. Windows is the #1 biggest software company in the world. This Report contains information on Bill Gates, and his lifes story. Background/Early Life Bill Gates was born and raised in Washington. Bill GatesRead MoreBill Gates and How the World Was Effected by His Accomplishments1203 Words   |  5 PagesBill Gates How he effected the world with his accomplishments William Bill Gates III was born on October 28, 1955. He accomplished many unbelievable things, and highly influenced the people around him in many ways. In University, Bill Gates was known to be the smart computer nerd, who totally amazed all of his friends with his knowledge. One of the people that he had influenced the most was Steve Ballmer, current Microsoft s Chief Executive Officer, whose room was down the hall from BillRead MoreBill Gates Dropping Out Of Harvard1162 Words   |  5 Pagesmay have been completely different if not for one event: Bill Gates dropping out of Harvard. Gates came from a wealthy family in Seattle, Washington, but even at a young age, he knew how to take risks in order to follow his passion for computers. The developments that Microsoft has made, ranging from the earliest operating systems such as MS-DOS to the Microsoft Office Suite, have impacted the way that the personal computer operates. Microsoft products are used around the world, by various types of

How far are Romeo and Juliet victims of events beyond their control, and how far can they be said to be responsible for their own sufferings Essay Example For Students

How far are Romeo and Juliet victims of events beyond their control, and how far can they be said to be responsible for their own sufferings? Essay William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is a romantic tragedy set in 16th Century Verona. The play features events involving the star crossd lovers and incorporates the key themes of love, hate and fate. It is commonly argued that the latter theme is evidently responsible for the lovers suicides, however I am going to discuss how far this can be said. Although I believe it was fate that began their forbidden relationship, the responsibility to end it was in their own hands, and as they did not, the characters can also accept some of the blame. The play opens with a sonnet introducing the three main themes, and also informing the audience of how the plot would unfold. Romeo came from the Montague family, and Juliet from the Capuluet, two houses involved in a long-term feud. A pair of star-crossd lovers take their life ; Shakespeares use of star crossd lovers portrays how the characters are opposed by, and will fight fate. The word star could also represent this theme, as the word is a connotation of destiny such as in the phrase its written in the stars. This suggests their deaths were destined to take place. Another key idea Shakespeare has used is the singular word life, conveying that Romeo and Juliets love was so deep, their lives were entwined. An additional phrase in the prologue that states the lovers eventual death was due to fate is death-markd, enhancing the idea that it was not their fault. Although the prologue in general claims fate was responsible for Romeo and Juliets death, there are counter arguments for this. Is she a Capulet? O dear account! My life is my foes debt. The character Romeo speaks these words during the Montagues party, very early on in the play. It is evidence he knows that by continuing his love for Juliet, trouble will erupt. The words My life is my foes debt could be interpreted as foretelling the ending to the play, as he is saying he owes his life to his enemy. Although Romeo and Juliet were well aware of the consequences of their relationship, they continued it, defying their parents trust. This is something that would have been highly frowned upon both at the time it was written, and the period in which it was set. Family would have been regarded as a high priority, especially as they were who generally arranged marriages, choosing someone specifically sufficient for the family. Both Romeo and Juliet abandon their families for each other. Ill no longer be a Capulet. Shakespeare has written Juliets words in a way that they show determination, and that she treasures her very recently found love more than those who will be with her all his life. An audience of when the play was written may view this as a selfish act, that one could rid their family for their own benefit, and their actions would be greatly frowned upon. The fact that Romeo and Juliet knew what their relationship could potentially lead to didnt stop them, and they made the choice to continue it. Furthermore, this greatly contradicts that their death was a result of fate, because your destiny is said to be something uncontrollable, However when you make a choice, you are initially deciding how the future will plan out. Nonetheless, there are two tolerant characters in the play that influence their choices. The first is Friar Laurence, who can be interpreted as Romeos father figure. He encourages their relationship, believing it to solve the family feud. .ub33432faa7fc9212ea8bea8b51d8d73a , .ub33432faa7fc9212ea8bea8b51d8d73a .postImageUrl , .ub33432faa7fc9212ea8bea8b51d8d73a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub33432faa7fc9212ea8bea8b51d8d73a , .ub33432faa7fc9212ea8bea8b51d8d73a:hover , .ub33432faa7fc9212ea8bea8b51d8d73a:visited , .ub33432faa7fc9212ea8bea8b51d8d73a:active { border:0!important; } .ub33432faa7fc9212ea8bea8b51d8d73a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub33432faa7fc9212ea8bea8b51d8d73a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub33432faa7fc9212ea8bea8b51d8d73a:active , .ub33432faa7fc9212ea8bea8b51d8d73a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub33432faa7fc9212ea8bea8b51d8d73a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub33432faa7fc9212ea8bea8b51d8d73a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub33432faa7fc9212ea8bea8b51d8d73a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub33432faa7fc9212ea8bea8b51d8d73a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub33432faa7fc9212ea8bea8b51d8d73a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub33432faa7fc9212ea8bea8b51d8d73a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub33432faa7fc9212ea8bea8b51d8d73a .ub33432faa7fc9212ea8bea8b51d8d73a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub33432faa7fc9212ea8bea8b51d8d73a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Eddie and Marco fighting EssayVirtue itself turns vice, being misapplied, And vice sometimes by action dignified. The philosophical belief of the Friar is that evil can transform to good by the right action. In this case, Romeo and Juliets love will end the hate between the Montagues and Capulets, again evidence of a Love Vs Hate theme. Shakespeare has used a rhyming couplet to show the significance of the phrase, perhaps hinting to the end of the play. This is because the lovers deaths do eventually release the feud between the families, indicating that they are the right action. His help to crave and my dear hap to tell. Shakespeares use of the word hap also draws the audiences eye to the key themes of the play, and how the plot will unfold, as the word means fate. It can also convey that Romeo believes Friar Laurence holds his fate therefore could be portrayed that he was partly responsible for the lovers deaths. This supports the argument that they were indeed victims of fate, the fate that lay in the hands of the friar. The other tolerant character in the play and also very close to Juliet is the Nurse, which shows a parallel relationship to that of Romeo and Friar Lawrences. The Nurse is a surrogate mother to Juliet, and in both relationships the parent-figure does the wrong thing for the right reason, thus a paradox. This is because both would never have imagined that by letting Romeo and Juliet continuing their relationship, it would consequence in their deaths. A strong argument that Romeo and Juliet had themselves to blame for their fortune, is Tybalts killing. Had Romeo not killed the Capulet, his banishment would have not taken place and their lives may have been saved. This argument is expressed in the following quote. This days black fate on mo days doth depend; An audience would interpret this quote to state that the day Romeo killed Tybalt, would influence and effect the days to come. Black denotes evil, and bad which shows these days would be merciless. Shakespeare has also used alliteration at the end of the quote, which focuses the audience on the final words of the quote, setting out the rest of the play. The character Romeos actions also only greatened the hate between the two families that shows he was also partly responsible for the deaths. Although, ultimately this feud had nothing whatsoever to do with the lovers, as the prologue states ancient grudge. The hate already existing only commenced the chain of events leading up to their suicide, putting their families in the blame. It was this hate that killed their love, but their love that came out strongest and consequently destroying the original hate. It is also interesting to examine the lovers beliefs. O, I am Fortunes fool. These words, spoken by Romeos character shortly after killing Tybalt sum up their view. He has blamed the entire series of negative events on fate and refuses to accept any responsibility, even blaming Tybalts death on fate. He believes he is at war with fortune, and that it continuously plays around with him and his emotions. A greater power than we can contradict Hath thwarted our intents : Shakespeare states that whatever the characters intended, fate has already ruined. The key factors of the play that lead up to the star crossd lovers deaths can be placed in a responsibility pyramid; with fate being the main cause, the Nurse and the Friar contributing but also Romeo and Juliet. Nonetheless, the choices that they made were what caused the run of tragic events, however without fate, the lovers would never have encountered the suffering they did. Therefore Romeo and Juliet were victims of events beyond their control, but also contributed themselves.

William Shakespeare Essays (642 words) - William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare William Shakespeare was born in the year of 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. His exact birth date is unknown but it is traditionally celebrated on April 23. In England this day is known as the feast of St. George. He was the third of eight children born to John and Mary Arden Shakespeare. John Shakespeare was a tanner, and a glove maker. He served a term as the mayor of Stratford, a town council man, a justice of peace, and an ale-taster. Unfortunately John could not write. John Shakespeare died in 1601. Since William was his eldest son he received what little land his father owned. Little is known about his mother's life. It is known that she came from a wealthy family. Her family also paid her husband a handsome dowry. William Shakespeare went to a very good grammar school in Stratford-upon- Avon. Two of his instructors were Oxford graduates, Simon Hunt and Thomas Jenkins. William's studies were in Greek and Latin. He developed the ability of keen observation of both nature and mankind. It is said that his education ended here. On November 27, 1582, when William was 18 years old, he married Anne Hathaway. She was ten years older than him. Their first daughter, named Susanna, was born the next year on May 26, 1583. The couple also had twins, Hamnet and Judith, in 1585. Hamnet died at the age of eleven, but it is unknown how. Between the years of 1585 and 1592 no evidence of what happened in Shakespeare's life is known. These years are called "The Hidden Years". It is said that during this stretch of time, he ran away from the law or was the apprentice of a butcher, although a man named John Aubry was told by Christopher Beston that Shakespeare was a school teacher up until 1592 somewhere in London. Beginning in 1592, in London, he became known as an established playwright. In 1593 he found a patron, Henry Wriothsley, to sponsor him. William Shakespeare was also an actor, writer, director, and stockholder in "The King's Men" company. He acted for a company called "The King's Men". This company became the largest and most famous acting company simply because William was performing and working for them. Shakespeare wrote two long poems. His first, "Venus and Adonius", was written in the year 1593. Then a year later he wrote, "Rape of Lucrece". These were written at a time when theatres were closed because of the contagious epidemic known as the plague. In the late 1590's he wrote many plays. Most of them being comedies, the major ones are: "The Taming of the Shrew", "The Comedy of Errors", "As You Like It", "Much Ado About Nothing", and "The Two Gentlemen of Verona". "Romeo and Juliet" was his only tragedy written during this time. In 1599 a theatre called the Globe was built by Shakespeare's company. Some of his most prominent tragedies written and performed were "Hamlet", "Othello", "King Lear", and "Macbeth". Since Shakespeare was established playwright, he was wealthy because of multiple income sources. In 1597 he bought his family a huge house called New Place, located in Stratford-upon-Avon. Shakespeare retired from theatre in 1610 and returned to Stratford. On the 25th of March, 1616, he wrote his will. On April 23, 1616, the same date as his birthday, William Shakespeare died. He was buried at the chancel of the Church of the Holy Trinity in Stratford. The cause of his death is unknown. Many people believe that he knew that his death was near, but did not want anybody to know. Seven years after he died, in 1623 William Shakespeare's first folio was published including 154 sonnets, 36 plays, and his two long poems. The folio was put together by his friends so that nobody could take his work as theirs. Bibliography 1. Torstenson,Casey. "William Shakespeare". Internet 2. Shah, Ravi P."Life of Shakespeare". Internet,1997 3. Booth,Beth."Shakespeare's Life". Internet 4. Editors of the Grolier Universal Encyclopedia. "Shakespeare", Stratford Press,Inc: New York,1966

Creative Ideas for Elementary Classroom Bulletin Boards

Creative Ideas for Elementary Classroom Bulletin Boards Classroom bulletin boards are a great way to display student work in an organized and attractive manner. Whether youre creating a seasonal board, teaching board, or bragging board, its a fun way to dress up a plain wall to correlate with your teaching idea or style. Back to School These back to school bulletin board ideas are a great way to welcome students back for a new school year. Teachers Corner offers a variety of ideas such as: A Brand New Bunch of _______ Graders.Recipe for a Great School Year.Blast off to a Great Year.Checkin and Check Us Out. Welcome Back.Darting into a New Year.Look Whos Hanging Out in _______ Grade.Quack, Quack Welcome Back.Stepping in _______.Welcome Aboard______.Welcome to a Fin-Tastic Year. Birthdays A birthday bulletin board is a great way to honor and celebrate the most important day in your students lives. Help make you students feel special, and use the ideas from the Teachers Corner to help celebrate their birthday. Ideas Include: Eating Our Way to Another BirthdayBirthday TrainA Sea of BirthdaysHappy BearthdayMonthly Birthdays Seasonal Your classroom bulletin board is the ideal place to educate your students about the seasons and upcoming holidays. Use this blank slate to express your students creativity and display their best work. DLTK-Teach lists monthly bulletin board ideas by title and theme. Some ideas include: January - New YearFebruary - Pinch Us Were in LoveMarch - St. Patricks Day - Our Little LeprechaunsApril - Some Bunny Loved MeMay - Fluttering into SpringJune - Sailing into SummerJuly - Under the Summer SkySeptember - Welcome to Our SchoolOctober - Are You Scared?November - Give ThanksDecember - Its Snow Secret End of the School Year If you are looking for a way to wrap up the school year, or help students look forward to the next school year, this bulletin board website shares great ideas such as: Were Antsy for ______ Grade.This Year Flew By...Our Summers Looking Bright! Miscellaneous Bulletin Boards After scouring the internet, talking to fellow educators and gathering some ideas of my own, board the following is a list of the best miscellaneous board titles for elementary classrooms. I was Caught Doing Something Good.Dive into a Good Book.A Tee-rific Class.Mrs.____Great Catch.Go Bananas for School.We Present You with Our Wishes for Christmas.Welcome to ______School. You fit right in!Look Whoos in Our Room.When We Learn We Grow.Mrs._____ Class is in Full Bloom.Look Whos Been Spotted in ____.Buzz on into _____ Class.A Fresh Bash of Smart Cookies.School in September is TREE-Mendous.Surf on into _____.Look Whos Hiding in the Pumpkin Patch?Good Work Has Been Spotted.This Year is Going to Rule.Popping Through Our _____.Wild About Learning.Were on the Road to_____.Camping Out Under the Stars.Hop Into Learning. Tips and Suggestions Here are some helpful tips to help you improve and create effective classroom displays. Use borders to frame your display. Some unique ideas include Christmas lights, tassels, paper shapes, beads, monopoly money, feathers, rope, pictures, muffin cups, vocabulary words, etc.To make your display stand out use a creative background. Some fun ideas are to use a checkerboard pattern, polka-dots, a plain black background,  tablecloth, newspaper,f abric, wrapping paper, cellophane, netting, a brick pattern, etc.Be creative with your letters. Use different items to create words such as glitter, yarn, string, magazine letters, shadow letters or sand.

Traditional Culture no longer is prevalent in Japanese Society

Traditional Culture no longer is prevalent in Japanese Society Introduction Traditional Japanese cultural paradigm is no doubt under a serious threat with the arising of Japanese independent mind westerners, who do not claim any inherent trait in being Japanese. If this is not the case, Japanese art history must not have suffered at the hands of cultural politics of Euro-Americans who are most likely prefer to compare Japanese traditional iconography with other cultural groups.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Traditional Culture no longer is prevalent in Japanese Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many scholarly writers and neo-traditional artists support this notion by providing insufficient reasoning of being Japanese or foreigner, they believe it does make no difference to characterize Japanese traditions akin to comparing with Americans or Westerners in general. I don’t chime in with them and opine that comparing Japanese culture with that of any other is not wo rth to concern the contemporary modernization in Japan. Unlike others I don’t believe the onus shoulders onto the significance of ‘change’, but it is the technologically driven society that has taken place rapidly and has intervened with intrepid lifestyle of the Japanese, marking the culture towards a panorama, asunder apart from the traditional Japanese shift. It would not be right to claim that Japan has lost its cultural significance at all, and that all it is left with is the debris of the electronic revolution. Instead, what I have realized is that Japanese post modern societal trends have failed to realize the altruistic striking feature behind Japanese studies on pre-modern art, especially when it comes to Japanese lacquerware products. Yiengpruksawan suggests the difference between traditional and modern day imagery of Japan, (Yiengpruksawan 2001, 105) as traditional picture presents a grotesque view telling epics of Japanese warfare whereas the modern d ay Japan contradicts it. I don’t believe in this stance either, for the reason that traditional urushi art and craft in Japan is itself a memento of pre-war era, which has left its vestiges of the nineteenth-century European template in the segmented art form of painting and sculpture that now is renowned as an amalgamation with the American decorative art, particularly lacquerware. The process of commercialization in the nineteenth century Japan has made the Japaneseness less viable in the art and crafts, which to this day, have phased out gradually by the modern day masterworks of Japanese art. Withering away traditional Japanese art to contemporary culture governed by the refinement of electronic era is a plight, particularly to those who are engaged in the profession of reuniting traditional art with modern one, and even to those who want to conserve what antique craft history has bestowed on us.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we ca n help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The fact not much has been written on the Japanese lacquerware, is itself an answer to the dubious question whether or not the urushi has been retained in the contemporary Japanese society? From the beginning of the naturalization of lacquer implant, as a monument of Japanese art history, the government was supposed to make intricate measures so as to avoid its unnecessary availability to the European countries as well as the United States, which it had not derailed. However with the phasing of the government policies in to the adoption of the 1870s epoch (Yiengpruksawan 2001, 105), it was aimed to enhance the exports of lacquerware to Western countries. Such a welcoming note and exposure of Japanese handicrafts and monuments kept up with the pace of the economic competition until it was marketed by certain change of ‘modernization’ by the Western countries. By modernization, it is meant to be enha nced, economically available to Westerners as a result of vying with one another, and ultimately lost its value in the Occidental world. The buyers manifested a line of what today can be called as distinction between the old art and the new one. And so the Japanese lacquerware lost its traditional heritage that once it had over the world. Another reason of phasing out lacquer products goes with the chronicles of Hayashi who in 1980s used his apartments as galleries and shops to display and sell his bronze and lacquer ware products to Paris (Merritt 1990, 13), but as soon as it dawned upon him that his clients had more interest in prints than in lacquerware, he started merging and derailed a coalition of prints with other lacquerware products. In all the process, Japanese authorities helped to sell out the best of prints to foreign collectors, and never showed up any enthusiasm in marketing the oriental lacquerware. The manufacturers and the retailers of such traditional art are now use to what we see as a new attitude of pluralism. This attitude has its own significance in the sense it markets whatever it feels can be blended with the recent globalization trend. Diverse cultures, inheriting art and crafts, and countless heritages, all are blended well with the global cultures of mix and match traits. All this inherited from the West has brought along with it unique repercussions that add up to the loss of original Japanese lacquerware and handicrafts. McCausland mentions â€Å"There are now museum collections and university departments of world art that are better redefined as ‘the universal museums’† (McCausland 2005, 688). By universal museums, what I perceive McCausland wants to point out is the contemporary plight of our generations at the hands of our heritage destruction.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Traditional Culture no longer is prevalent in Japanese Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/p age Learn More Of course, the word ‘blending’ that I have used above best goes by ‘destruction’ because any change, addition, or subtraction to a heritage memento, that even fulfils the criteria against which contemporary society is lured to the market is indirect destruction caused by the people of the society. Further it is marked by dignity by the government, when such heritage is placed in museums in collaboration and coalition with the globalized trends. The metaphor with which original heritage of oriental lacquerware was once considered no longer attracts the countrymen, and why would they do so? When no attempts have been made by the Japanese government to restore their ancestral heritage, often which the nations wonder as priceless have really gone so ‘priceless’, that no Japanese either inspires or admires it. So for the foreigners, why would they like the classical Japanese monuments, though depicting true stance of e legance when at the same time Japan is producing the finest quality electronic goods and equipment? This is not to say that globalization is the culprit here, but to some extent it must be held responsible for petering out the traditional Japanese culture that once was admired throughout the globe. Fehrenbach Poiger mentions the transformation of Japanese metaphor that is a mundane cultural experience which undergoes when, far from their original heritage, â€Å"they turn into new, recombinant formations, that take place among groups of diverse geographical and cultural origins† (Fehrenbach Poiger 2000, 149). This is what exactly happens when theoretical persuasion exceeds pragmatic notions that our youth needs to ask where such valuable monuments come from, and why have we preferred to use periodic names instead of centuries? When our generation asks as to who has the power to make these nomenclatures available as valueless misbegotten instances and why they have been labe lled as vestiges in the museums of the nineteenth-century Europe as demonstration of elitism? What would then justify our youth when they see Japanese decorative arts and craft, ceramics, and lacquerware in context with the ‘Europeanization’ tag. The Japanese style is no more in the globalized arena except that which is prevailed in the museums. Many claim that the Japaneseness has been taken over by the American cultureless diplomats with an aim to distract Japanese youth away from their cultural heritage, which is already enriched in electronics and weaponry. This might be true as according to (Lancaster 1963, 18) â€Å"when in 1852, America was assigned with an objective, commencement of a treaty with Japan to provide deliberate protection for American seamen and property in Japan and Japanese waters, and the opening of one or more ports for supplies and trade†, America at that time took this opportunity to deprive Japan of its own heritage, but behind closed doors.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion The influence of the European and American hierarchy of fine arts has ‘enhanced’ Japanese lacquerware to the extent that today it has no longer remained and reckoned as the original ancient arts that once used to specify Japan (Tamaki 1999, 127). The bronze-lacquer which used to exist as the emblem of friendship and was given as a gift to international aides is no more part of that traditional norm, because contemporary Japanese history shines out through the influenced ‘globalized’ arena, and not what it used to be (Jones 2003, 41). Be it Japanese history and culture or Japanese warriors, the fascination of lacquerware and other handmade ceramics must not lose its significance (Busch 2000, 1), even if every other culture loses impact under the shadow of globalization. References Busch Richard. September 23, 2000. â€Å"Japanese Potters Continue a Tradition of Kiln- Fired Beauty.† The Washington Times: 1. Fehrenbach Heide and Poiger G. Uta . 2000. Transactions, Transgressions,  Transformations: American Culture in Western Europe and Japan. New York: Berghahn Books. Jones Susanna. February 24, 2003. â€Å"Bright Lanterns: Susanna Jones Enjoys an Illuminating Insight into Japanese History.† New Statesman 132(4626): 41. Lancaster Clay. 1963. The Japanese Influence in America. New York: Walton H. Rawls. McCausland Shane. 2005. â€Å"Nihonga Meets GU Kaizhi: a Japanese Copy of a Chinese Painting in the British Museum† The Art Bulletin 87(4): 688 Merritt Helen. 1990. Modern Japanese Woodblock Prints: The Early Years. Honolulu: University of Hawaii. Tamaki, Bert Winther. 1999. â€Å"Yagi Kazuo: The Admission of the Nonfunctional Object into the Japanese Pottery World† Journal of Design History 12(2): 127. Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall. 2001. â€Å"Japanese Art History 2001: the State and Stakes of Research† The Art Bulletin 83(1): 105.

Financial service management, please see below for further instruction Essay - 1

Financial service management, please see below for further instruction - Essay Example Redman (1995) teachings on achieving personal success were also an eye opener. Case reviews of successful people in finance like Warren Buffet have helped to understand that success involves planning and visualizing end results. SMART goals concept helped developing clear road map to success (O’Neill and Conzemius, 2006). To change the situation I used my personal values of dedication and flexibility. Use of skills set and behavior assessment toolkit has helped to rank and identity essential and desirable skills for success. I have now developed an action plan addressing my weaknesses in listening, financial understanding and team spirit. Success is seldom an individual’s effort but often involves working with others. I must admit that going through this course have to improve my people and personal skills. Before the course I had poor listening abilities, not a team player, challenges dealing with difficult people and poor negotiation skills. These weaknesses watered down my strengths of being assertive and developing mutual trust. Contrary to my past, I have improved in contributing to teamwork that we had during the course. I have also noted that by learning to listen, I have become a better negotiator as I know what to capitalize on in addition to dealing difficult people. I the past I often failed to understand what the problem was with people. Currently, I can comfortably say that I more accommodative of team members which has helped me to learn a lot. In my lower classes I thought I knew more than my classmates but am surprised by what I have learnt from them through listening and being a team player. C hapman (2006) skills set and behavior assessment toolkit used to assess essential people skills at the start helped me to develop an action plan to improve my weak areas with tangible results. However, I still have to work managing stress and conflicts, taking personal responsibility to solve clients’

Question for discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Question for discussion - Essay Example There are some important aspects in King’s argument. King said that injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. He discussed the interrelation of life and affirmed that all actions have global repercussions. Racism, for instance, may be seen as something that affects only African Americans, but in the end, it affects the whole continent. It hinders relationships across people from different races, and in the end, they cannot unite for a common good such as combating challenges that prevent economic equality. There are some ideas from the letter than can help shine light on current problems facing the American society. King had the idea of people sacrificing their ideas, energy, and time for the common good. Economic inequality as a current problem has been hard to overcome because people fail to sacrifice to achieve economic parity. The society is more of capitalistic, rather than encouraging economic opportunity for every citizen. The government is not willing to make tangible solutions that can transform the economy, as profit making is the main

Pride and Prejudice Analysis Essay Example for Free

Pride and Prejudice Analysis Essay Elizabeth Bennet receives two proposals; one from Mr Collins and one from Mr Darcy. Mr Collins was a tall and heavy looking man of twenty-five years. Although he was polite and well mannered he was also pompous and had a self-inflated ego. He always made never ending speeches about nothing and bored everyone to death. Mr Collins flattered everyone constantly but sometimes inappropriately. He begged to know which of his fair cousins the excellence of its cooking was owed. -By this, Mrs Bennet was offended and assured him they were in fact able to keep a good cook. This showed his lack of judgement in when to compliment. He was also quite absurd and Mr Bennets sarcasm often went completely unnoticed. For example, on page 54, Mr Bennet asked if his flatteries were prepared and Mr Collins admitted that sometimes he would think of them for his amusement! Lady Catherine de Bourgh who was his patroness employed him. He grovelled to her constantly as she paid his way; because of her, he was middle/upper class. He was a clergyman at Hunsford near Rosings, Lady Catherine de Bourghs home. When Mr Bennet dies, Mr Collins will inherit Longburn, as Mr Bennet cannot leave the house to his wife; women couldnt inherit. In Mr Collins letter, he proposes to make peace with the family. Mr Darcy on the other hand was very good looking. He soon drew the attention of the room by his fine tall person, handsome features, noble mien He is also described as a fine figure of a man. But he was soon to be discovered to be proud above his company. He was clever, but at the same time he was haughty, reserved and fastidious. He owned Pemberly Estate and got one thousand a year. -He was upper class and he knew it; He had seen a collection of people in whom there was little beauty and no fashion for none of whom he had felt the smallest interest. Darcy and Bingley had a good friendship despite many differences. Bingley was sure of being liked wherever he appeared; Darcy was continually giving offence. Darcy had no sense of humour and admitted it. He couldnt see the funny side of life whereas Bingley was light hearted and liked to enjoy everything he did. In the past Wickam and Darcy had a disagreement. Mr Darcys father had promised Wickam a place in the church but when he died Darcy refused to help him. Mr Collins first hints on his future plans in his letter to the Bennets when he writes; I cannot be otherwise than concerned at the means of injuring your amiable daughters, and beg leave to apologise for it, as well as to assure you of my readiness to make them every possible amends. On the first day of staying at Longburn, he, in a conversation to Mrs Bennet said; I can assure the young ladies that I come prepared to admire them. -Here he gave Mrs Bennet a small glimpse of his intentions. Jane Austin then gave it away saying that now having a good house and income; Mr Collins was in want of a wife. He was also pleasing Catherine de Bourgh who thought he should marry. So for the first evening Jane was the settled choice being not only the eldest, but the prettiest -this was, until he was informed by Mrs Bennet that she was soon to be engaged to Bingley (exaggeration). Then at the Netherfield Ball he asked Lizzy to dance several times and she realised she was the chosen one out of the five sisters. Mr Darcy on the other hand was far from admiring Lizzy at first and when Mr Bingley suggested he dance with her at the Meryton Ball he replied that he had not the least intention of dancing. -Bingley was dancing with the only good looking girl in the room. Here he was referring to Jane. He said Lizzy was tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me. Then at Sir William Lucass party, William tried to pair up the two of them and Darcy did not resist, but Lizzy brushed him off with; I have not the least intention of dancing. -this was pay back. It was at this party that Darcy realised his true feelings for her. At Netherfield when Jane went to stay, she fell ill and Lizzy being worried came to visit. Here, she noticed that Darcy was constantly watching her. Miss Bingley who secretly liked Darcy, in seeing that he was drawn to Lizzy tried to turn him against her. But all in vain, for whatever she said, he just stuck up for Elizabeth. Miss Bingley, in Mr Darcys defending her said; I am afraid Mr Darcy that this adventure has rather affected your admiration for her fine eyes. I think when she says this shes half-teasing and half jealous of him liking her. Before proposing, Mr Collins said to Mrs Bennet, May I hope madam, for your interest with your fair daughter Elizabeth, when I solicit for the honour of a private audience with her in the course of this morning? -Here, he was basically asking Mrs Bennets permission to propose. He then launched straight into his speech. Mr Darcy came to visit Lizzy and at first made light conversation, asking about her health. Then there was an awkward silence where he must have been trying to think of how to start before proceeding. -Differences are already showing through. Mr Collins first said hed chosen Lizzy almost as soon as hed met her (which was a lie) and went on to specify his reasons for marrying her. He, as a clergyman wanted to set an example to the rest of the parish, he thought it would make his happy and he was following Lady Catherine de Bourghs advice. Hed obviously planed out his speech carefully but in his reasons, he had not mentioned that he was in love with her! Darcy on the other hand offered his hand in marriage because he did love her and his opening sentence expressed this clearly; In vain I have struggled. It will not do. My feelings will not be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how I admire and love you. Mr Collins also made several insults to Lizzy when proposing to her without even realising it! For instance, he said that if she refuses, she my never get another offer. He also reminds her that if she stays single, all she may ever be entitled to is twenty-five pounds when her mother dies. Darcy put his foot in it too. After saying how much he loved her, he went on to say that it was not his wish to do so with her connections and status; His sense of inferiority -of the family obstacles which judgement had always opposed to inclination. When he was turned down he thought she was just offended; Could you expect me to rejoice in the inferiority of your connections? -To congratulate myself on the hope of relations, your connections? He also admitted to trying to split up Jane and Darcy and even rejoiced in his success of doing so. In response to rejection, Mr Collins thinks Lizzy is playing hard to get and says this is to be expected of a lady. He goes on to say all the good materialistic reasons to marry him forgetting to mention things like love. He acts as if marrying would be a good investment for Lizzy or something. He then assured her that both of her parents approved of the marriage. Mr Darcy in response to rejection is shocked and angry but manages to control himself. He asked why he had been refused and thought she must be offended by what he had said earlier; Could you expect me to rejoice in the inferiority of your connections? But after saying these words he accepted her answer. Both proposals were made for very different reasons; Mr Collins obviously proposed for convenience, whereas Mr Darcy was in love. Both men also reacted in different ways when turned down; although Mr Collins couldnt take the rejection, he was not actually bothered about anything other than having his male pride hurt. -Darcy must have been extremely upset, to him Lizzy was the woman he wanted to spend the rest of his life with but he tried not to show his emotions. They both involved a lot of snobbery in their proposal speeches. They thought that Lizzy would not reject someone of the higher class and she should be grateful that she was chosen out of all the other girls; both reminded her constantly about her status. Mr Collins was more personal mentioning both what would happen when her mother and father died but Lizzy got more angry at Darcy because of things he has said and done in the past. Mr Collins and Mr Darcy both said in much detail all the pros and cons of the marriage. In conclusion, both proposals have some similarities but they differ in the essential requirement of love.

Essay --

The events of Hara-kiri can be contextualized within a span of time that saw both the end of decades of war, and the unification of Japan. The unification of Japan ushered in a new line of Shoguns, Shoguns with the momentous task of designing a social and legal system that would prevent the usurpation of power by the many fringe yet powerful daimyo. Believing in the Machiavellian idea that â€Å"fear is simply a means to an end, and that end is security for the prince,† the Tokagawa Shoguns implemented a series of policies in which petty crimes were met with harsh punishments. To any astute observer, such a legal system is sure to breed hypocrisy. Indeed, it was during this time that the bushido code’s emphasis on honor dwindled. To most samurai during this time, the bushido code’s high standards of honor were unobtainable2, making disobedience common and sometimes unavoidable. But to acknowledge disobedience meant certain death, and was thus unheard of. It was i n this unjust milieu that the events of Hara-kiri unfolded. Both Motome and the retainers of the Iyi were honorable samurai motivated by an inextinguishable desire to protect the ones they love; however, the unjust policies of the Shogun made this desire incompatible with the high standards of the bushido code, driving both parties to reluctantly defy the code. The use of the armor in the first scene establishes that the Iyi are honorable samurai, and shows their desire for the public to perceive them as such. The scene begins with a close up of the helmet. The camera is held at eye level, allowing the viewer to look directly into the eyes. The camera then switches to a position below the midline, close to the feet and points upwards at the helmet, the view of a person on hi... ...triguing to consider Motome’s state of mind when as he commits seppuku. Did he die hating the Iyi for allowing him to commit seppuku? Or did he ultimately realize the foolishness of his actions and that the Iyi had no other alternative? The latter is most likely true. In the moments before his death, we see Motome with his head down. He is relaxed and calm, his irrationality gone. He realizes that the Iyi’s decision to allow him to go through with his seppuku was not born out of greed or hate, but out of love, a love for the members of the clan and a desire to protect them from the possible repercussions of dishonor. He then breaks the clam, takes his sword, but he does not fight like Tsugumo does. He thrusts the sword into his stomach, performing seppuku for the retainers of the Iyi and their wives and children, ensuring none of them will ever be in his situation.

Persepolis Essay

Persepolis was a very insightful movie about the lives of Iranian people at a very important time in the country’s history. Two topics that stuck out to me the most were the effects of the war on the everyday lives of the citizens of Iran and secondly the not-so-patriarchal lifestyle of people at the household level. Once the revolution to bring down the Shah began, which was followed by the Iran-Iraq war, the lives of Iranians were never the same again. Before these events, Iran appeared to be what we can easily call ‘a modern society’. Women were treated equally, men and women openly socialized together without any restrictions and westernization was apparent with the dressing styles of women, parties and the children indulging in pop culture. All of this drastically changed after the elections and once the war began. Under the new repressive government, religious extremists in power imposed several laws that undermined the freedom of all citizens of Iran. Everybody was told how to dress whereby women were required to veil in public, parties and consumption of alcohol became illegal, children were taught in school that the new government was very good, young boys were influenced into joining the army and fighting in the war. In addition to all these social impacts there were economic downturns as well. The stores are shown to have empty shelves, the country’s infrastructure destroyed, healthcare deteriorated, the excessive restrictions on almost everything pushed for the need for black-markets and illegal operations. Even with all the restrictions from the people in power and the policing of everybody, there were still a large number of people who were very modern, even men. One example would be Marjane’s father telling her and Reza to be more careful about meeting in public. Another example would be when Marjane’s uncle Anoush is released from prison and visits them, everybody ate dinner at the same table, both men and women. One of the topics that relate to our class readings is war and bereavement. The war that lasted so long did not occur without expensing lives of millions of innocent people. During the war period, countless lives were lost and most of these were men. Men fought in wars and died and the women were left to deal with the loss. When a missile lands in Marjane’s neighborhood, the fear of losing her family takes over her and she is still a little girl at the time. The same incident cost the lives of her friends in the neighborhood. Of all the characters in the movie, to me, Marjane’s grandmother was the most compelling character. She was a wise old woman who was inspirational, understanding and very realistic. She was a symbol of independence and a great role model for Marjane. Most importantly, she practiced what she preached. She placed a great emphasis on protecting the innocent as this was an issue close to her since her husband and family members had been victims. When Marjane tells her that in order to save herself from the police, she lied and got an innocent man in trouble, Grandmother reacts in a way that I didn’t expect. She believed in being true to your own self and certainly did not tolerate any unfaithfulness, even from her beloved Marjane. The character that had the most impact on Marjane would have to be her uncle Anoush. He came into Marjane’s life when she was still very young and definitely made an enormous impression on her. As if his life story wasn’t enough, uncle Anoush’s death left an even bigger impact on Marjane’s life. She wouldn’t tolerate people talking about war and death lightly after his death. Several times in her life when she was feeling confused, the words of her uncle Anoush helped her get through.

English Written Task Essay

Prescribed question: How and why is a social group represented in a particular way? Title of the text for analysis: Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe Part of the course to which the task refers: Part 3: Literature – text and context Key Points: †¢ Define masculinity in Okonkwo’s viewpoint †¢ Explore how Okonkwo never shows his emotions because of fear †¢ Describe the struggle of Okonkwo’s strength †¢ Discuss the importance of Okonkwo’s reputation of Umuofia †¢ Explain why Okonkwo emphasized on his masculinity Critical Response In Chinua Achebe’s novel, Things Fall Apart, interpretations of masculinity were challenged. Masculinity commonly means the characteristics related to men. Okonkwo, a strong wrestler and leader, had his own attributes of what manliness was. According to Okonkwo’s definition of masculinity, men were presented as strong. Anything that did not demonstrate strength was considered as weak, which was not in his definition of masculinity. While masculinity meant having qualities of a man, Okonkwo was represented to show how he perceived a man truly defined through the factor of fear and why he displayed manliness in this approach. Okonkwo was afraid of showing emotions, because revealing any sentiments showed flaws. Okonkwo liked Ikemefuna and treated him as if he was his own son. However, Okonkwo did not show any emotions towards Ikemefuna. He thought showing affection was a sign of weakness. Due to his fear of imperfection, Okonkwo felt the emotions inwardly. The only real emotion he ever brought to life was anger. â€Å"The only thing worth demonstrating was strength.† (Achebe, 1994, p. 28) Showing emotions such as happiness or sadness was a portrayal of tenderness, which Okonkwo hated. If Okonkwo showed any emotion at all, it would be evidence that he was weak. In one scenario, Okonkwo had to choose his reputation of a strong male authority or his devotion to Ikemefuna, the one he thought of to be his son. This huge struggle to prove Okonkwo’s strength was questioned when he was forced to kill Ikemefuna. Okonkwo killed Ikemefuna when Ogbuefi Ezeudu ordered him to not touch the boy. (Achebe, 1994, p. 57) The man cleared his throat, drew up and raised his machete, Okonkwo looked away. He heard the blow. He heard Ikemefuna cry ‘my father, they have killed me!’ as he ran towards him. Dazed with fear, Okonkwo drew his machete and cut him down. He was afraid of being thought weak. (Achebe, 1994, p. 61) Okonkwo was afraid people would think that if he did not kill Ikemefuna, whom he loved, he would seem weak. His character to show others that he was not weak was a greater importance than his attachment for the boy. He wanted to be brave and keep his reputation as a wrestler and a leader of Umuofia. There was one instance that Okonkwo went against his definition of being manly. This showed the vulnerability of Okonkwo, which showed why he was afraid of being weak. Okonkwo became depressed after the death of Ikemefuna. He did not sleep and did not eat any food. (Achebe, 1994, p. 63) Okonkwo was compared to a â€Å"shivering old woman,† (Achebe, 1994, p. 65) showing that only woman showed their emotions. If a man could not get over the death of someone he loves, he was nothing more than a woman, who was generally the one that mourned the death of another. Being depressed over a death was a sign of gentleness, which Okonkwo did not desire. Shivering implies weakness because when people shiver, they shake, are unstable, and are not usually strong enough to hold themselves together. So, Okonkwo could not control himself in this situation. It also showed fear and a loss of composure, two things that a man should never express. The use of the word ‘old’ also showed how fragile he was becoming in this instance. It was a similar idea when Okonkwo thought he was old because old people in general were weak; as people get older, their heart and muscles were degenerated, so the quality was not durable. There was a reason why Okonkwo emphasized his masculinity. Okonkwo’s father, Unoka, was poor, weak, lazy, a failure and a coward. Unoka was in a lot of debt. He loved gentleness and idleness. He did not like the sight of blood. (Achebe, 1994, p. 6) In contrast, Okonkwo entered upon to be strong and hardworking, not wanting to be gentle or idle. The strong wrestler was not scared of blood at any moment, showing he was a strong individual that can deal with death of others. (Achebe, 1994, p. 67) From then on, Okonkwo wanted to show Umuofia that he was not similar to his father in any way; he wanted to be better than his father because he did not want to be known as a son of a borrower who did not give money back to the lender. As a result, Okonkwo worked to not be a failure like his father. He changed how he behaved as a man to be successful. (Achebe, 1994, p. 4) Okonkwo worked hard to have a title in Umuofia and to supply money for his family. Masculinity was shown in the fear of weakness because Okonkwo represented masculinity through his behavior. Masculinity was depicted in Okwonko’s fear of weakness. In some parts of this novel, Achebe showed the reader the wrong ways to be a man by showing what was weak, causing the readers to believe the complete opposite of how a man should truly act. Okonkwo was afraid of being weak because it would directly contradict his idea of how he should act as a man. He strived for strength and power. By showing his aversion of weakness to the readers, it gave Okonkwo’s definition of masculinity. Okonkwo viewed masculinity as strength, bravery, successful, and feelings of anger. Works Cited Achebe, C. (1994). Things fall apart. New York: Anchor Books.

Alice and Wonderland essays

Alice and Wonderland essays Jefferson Airplane, The Beatles, and LSD: Alices Connection to the 1960s The late sixties were a time filled with sex, drugs, and rock and roll. A huge part of American culture at the time was focused around these three things. Musicians possessed a tremendous amount of social influence, and like wise, society put a lot of emphasis on the lives and attitudes of musicians. Of the rock groups from this time period, the Beatles were by far the most influential. The British rock group was probably the most catalytic band in rock and roll history. Although they came together in the shadow of the Beatles, another influential band of that era was Jefferson Airplane. Jefferson Airplane was deemed the first of the San Francisco psychedelic rock groups. Jefferson Airplane was always considered to be a psychedelic rock group, but it was not until later in their existence that the Beatles fell into this category as well. Both groups earned this title for their creative style of rock as well as for their experimentation with drugs. Each of these groups wrote song s that alluded to drug use at one time or another. Two of the most criticized songs from these bands are Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds, by the Beatles, and White Rabbit by Jefferson Airplane. White Rabbit is a song latent with drug references. The connection with drugs in Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds is not as clear. Although John Lennon claims that he had no intention of making references to LSD in his song, the abstract lyrics and metaphoric language invite those drug connotations. Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds and White Rabbit mirror each other in their association with LSD and their allusions to Alice in Wonderland. But, having looked deeper into these songs, it is obvious that both artists were writing about escaping reality just as Alice does in the famous childhood story. Lysergic Acid...

Heres How Schrodingers Cat Works

Heres How Schrodingers Cat Works Erwin Schrodinger was one of the key figures in quantum physics, even before his famous Schrodingers Cat thought experiment. He had created the quantum wave function, which was now the defining equation of motion in the universe, but the problem is that it expressed all motion in the form of a series of probabilities- something which goes in direct violation to how most scientists of the day (and possibly even today) like to believe about how physical reality operates. Schrodinger himself was one such scientist and he came up with the concept of Schrodingers Cat to illustrate the issues with quantum physics. Lets consider the issues, then, and see how Schrodinger sought to illustrate them through analogy. Quantum Indeterminancy The quantum wave function portrays all physical quantities as a series of quantum states along with a probability of a system being in a given state. Consider a single radioactive atom with a half-life of one hour. According to the quantum physics wave function, after one hour the radioactive atom will be in a state where it is both decayed and not-decayed. Once a measurement of the atom is made, the wave function will collapse into one state, but until then, it will remain as a superposition of the two quantum states. This is a key aspect of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum physics- its not just that the scientist doesnt know which state its in, but its rather that the physical reality is not determined until the act of measurement takes place. In some unknown way, the very act of observation is what solidifies the situation into one state or another. Until that observation takes place, the physical reality is split between all possibilities. On to the Cat Schrodinger extended this by proposing that a hypothetical cat be placed in a hypothetical box. In the box with the cat we would place a vial of poison gas, which would instantly kill the cat. The vial is hooked up to an apparatus which is wired into a Geiger counter, a device used to detect radiation. The aforementioned radioactive atom is placed near the Geiger counter and left there for exactly one hour. If the atom decays, then the Geiger counter will detect the radiation, break the vial, and kill the cat. If the atom does not decay, then the vial will be intact and the cat will be alive. After the one-hour period, the atom is in a state where it is both decayed and not-decayed. However, given how weve constructed the situation, this means that the vial is both broken and not-broken and, ultimately, according to the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum physics the cat is both dead and alive. Interpretations of Schrodingers Cat Stephen Hawking is famously quoted as saying When I hear about Schrodingers cat, I reach for my gun. This represents the thoughts of many physicists, because there are several aspects about the thought experiment that bring up issues. The biggest problem with the analogy is that quantum physics typically only operates on the microscopic scale of atoms and subatomic particles, not on the macroscopic scale of cats and poison vials. The Copenhagen interpretation states that the act of measuring something causes the quantum wave function to collapse. In this analogy, really, the act of measurement takes place by the Geiger counter. There are scores of interactions along the chain of events- it is impossible to isolate the cat or the separate portions of the system so that it is truly quantum mechanical in nature. By the time the cat itself enters the equation, the measurement has already been made ... a thousand times over, measurements have been made- by the atoms of the Geiger counter, the vial-breaking apparatus, the vial, the poison gas, and the cat itself. Even the atoms of the box are making measurements when you consider that if the cat falls over dead, it will come in contact with different atoms than if it paces anxiously around the box. Whether or not the scientist opens the box is irrelevant, the cat is either alive or dead, not a superposition of the two states. Still, in some strict views of the Copenhagen interpretation, it is actually an observation by a conscious entity which is required. This strict form of the interpretation is generally the minority view among physicists today, although there remains some intriguing argument that the collapse of the quantum wavefunctions may be linked to consciousness. (For a more thorough discussion of the role of consciousness in quantum physics, I suggest Quantum Enigma: Physics Encounters Consciousness by Bruce Rosenblum Fred Kuttner.) Still another interpretation is the Many Worlds Interpretation (MWI) of quantum physics, which proposes that the situation actually branches off into many worlds. In some of these worlds the cat will be dead upon opening the box, in others the cat will be alive. While fascinating to the public, and certainly to science fiction authors, the Many Worlds Interpretation is also a minority view among physicists, though there is no specific evidence for or against it. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Critical Evaluation of Project Management Techniques in Information Essay

Critical Evaluation of Project Management Techniques in Information Sector in Nigeria - Essay Example Commerce to E-commerce to M-commerce seems to be logical way for any government or individual to scale up. Since the paper is based on secondary research, various data and reports already available with the respective agencies, newspapers and other publications will be compiled, analyzed and used to draw conclusions. Gabriel Ajayi (NITDA and ICT in Nigeria,2003) has asserted that after NITDA (National Information Technology Development Agency) was set up in 2001, projects like Public Service Network (PSNet), Mobile Internet Unit (MIU) and Human Capacity Development were undertaken by the same. NITDA started the process of integrating IT into the public service through a massive campaign that targeted at the top echelon of the service. Although he was optimistic about the crucial role ICT played in gearing up the economy, he did not seem very hopeful about funding and political will. After the military rule ended in 1999, there were unfounded fears about the use of ICT in any industry and government will to encourage ICT lacked enthusiasm. From 2001, ICT enjoyed the complete backing of the government and has been looked at as a tool to bring about sustainable development and global competitiveness in Nigeria. GSM service was launched in 2001 and teledensity immediately rose from 0.5 to 2 per 100 subscribers. In the paper â€Å"Nigeria’s Need for ICT S.P.259 Technology and Policy in Nigeria†, Tom Goshit expressed his disappointment with the state of utilization of ICT in Nigeria. He felt that poverty and lack of skilled IT personnel were drawbacks in faster implementation and utilization of policies favoring ICT. However, when it came to use of mobile telephony and ICT, he says ‘As of December 2005, there were over 19,000,000 serviced cell phones in Nigeria. The mobile cellular market has grown because landline

Final Written Project Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Final Written Project - Term Paper Example Physical activity stimulates various brain chemicals that may leave an individual feel happier and more relaxed that they were before they worked out. They also look better and feel better when they exercise regularly, which can boost their confidence ajd improve their self esteem. Regular physical activity can preven depression. Physical activity prevents heart disease and osteoporosis along with other chronic diseases. Regular physical activity can help an individual prevent – or manage— high blood pressure. Your cholesterol will benefit, too. Regular physical activity boosts high-density lipoprotein (HDL), or "good," cholesterol while decreasing triglycerides. This one-two punch keeps your blood flowing smoothly by lowering the buildup of plaques in your arteries. Regular physical activity can help you prevent type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis and certain type of cancer. This ones a no-brainer. When you engage in physical activity, you burn calories. The more intense the activity, the more calories you burn — and the easier it is to keep your weight under control. You dont even need to set aside major chunks of time for working out. Take the stairs instead of the elevator. Walk during your lunch break. Do jumping jacks during commercials. Better yet, turn off the TV and take a brisk walk. Dedicated workouts are great, but physical activity you accumulate throughout the day helps you burn calories, too. With these points in mind, I realized that I need to adopt another kind of lifestyle. Me and my friends are not an avid fan or exercise. Before, we thought that exercising is just for health buffs who are spending all their precious time in the gym. However, as I read more health articles and compare a healthy living to my own, I was able to understand that exercise is imperative to a person’s well being. One of my short term goals this year is to climb Mt. Blanc with my friends. In order for me to achieve my goal, I need to prepare myself physically

Critical Analysis Of Research Paper (Current Practice in Project

Critical Analysis Of (Current Practice in Project Managementan Empirical Study by Diana White & Joyce Fortune) - Research Paper Example The paper was aimed to throw comprehensive light on the causes for disparity between the objectives defined by the managerial techniques and the results obtained. For this purpose, the writer focussed this paper on the data and results of a contemporary survey which was plannedâ€Å"to capture the `real world' experiences of project managers† aiming at finding out the levelâ€Å"to which those involved in the management of projects actually make use of the methods and techniques that are available and how effective the methods and techniques used are felt to be† (White & Fortune, 2004). ARTICLE’S SUMMARY The paper aimed at explaining the disparity between the objectives and conclusions reported in the contemporary survey planned to observe the real-life active participation of project managers. The survey was conducted with the help of questionnaires which were referred to 995 Project Managers. However, the response rate was mere 23.7%.The chief activity in the questionnaire was the description of a recent project and the factors influential on its conclusive outcomes. The emphasis was laid on the extent to which these influential factors modify the project outcomes and the researcher has directed the respondents to relate them with the available tools and techniques used in the methodology for a specific project management.... Article’s Summary The paper aimed at explaining the disparity between the objectives and conclusions reported in the contemporary survey planned to observe the real-life active participation of project managers. The survey was conducted with the help of questionnaires which were referred to 995 Project Managers. However, the response rate was mere 23.7%.The chief activity in the questionnaire was the description of a recent project and the factors influential on its conclusive outcomes. The emphasis was laid on the extent to which these influential factors modify the project outcomes and the researcher has directed the respondents to relate them with the available tools and techniques used in the methodology for a specific project management. The researcher had also asked for the respondents’ own critical evaluation of the tools and techniques that they had used so far and to relate any limitation that they have to face or any drawback that they noticed for using them. The results of this survey revealed the narrow range of tools and techniques which are frequently and commonly used in the project management including the project management software and Gantt charts. Nearly 50% of the participants testified against these tools and techniques. The results also revealed that the most implied criteria to judge the project success include three widely used factors: time, budget, specifications. Moreover, the suitability between the project and the organization as well as the success of the business also proved to be the determining factors of the project success. Critical Analysis of the Article The overall presentation of the paper is quite impressive as it appears to be quite a critically comprehensive analysis of the survey that was conducted contemporarily to

Public Relations Essay Example for Free

Public Relations Essay The term public relations (PR) is a campaign anticipated to establish benevolence for an individual or organization appearance. According to Tye (1998, p. 13), one of the initial descriptions of PR was formed by Bernays which claims that PR is an institutional operation which organizes public manners and characterizes the rules, measures and activity of an association after carrying out a course of action to obtain public consideration and acknowledgment. Cases in point of patrons of PR consist of firms employing â€Å"marketing public relations (MPR)† to communicate knowledge concerning the goods that they produce and services that they make available to prospective clientele so as to sustain their immediate selling labors (Stauber Rampton, 1995). On average, they confirm transaction in the short to long term, setting up and improving the firm’s trademark for a sturdy, continuing market. Another example is business entities utilizing PR as a means to access members of parliament, in search of complimentary levy and other dealing. Likewise, they can apply PR to depict themselves as progressive managers in favor of staff engaging agenda. Another case is non-profit institutions, comprising academies, infirmaries, and community service groups, may operate PR for consciousness agenda, fund-raising activities, personnel hiring, and to enhance support of their services. Furthermore, elected officials intending to draw votes and create funds once those operations are doing well at the poll, this assists in upholding their service in the workplace, with discernment to the subsequent ballot vote or, at an occupation’s outcome, to their bequest. In the present day, public relations is defined as an arrangement of managerial, administrative, and mechanical functions that promote an institution’s capability to advantageously pay attention to, recognize the value of, and act in response to those people whose equally favorable relations with the association are essential if it is to realize its tasks and principles. Basically, it is an administrative action that concentrates on mutual interaction and development of jointly useful affairs between an association and its publics. It is so difficult to define since it is associated with publicity and marketing. The concept of public relations is not synonymous with the concept of publicity. Publicity is the dispersal of information to achieve communal familiarity in an item for consumption, service, and the like. It is a condition of being public with a sense of making something known† or advertising. Marketing on the other hand is the promotion of an industry’s products or services. Technical and industrial parts, which nowadays revolutionize at a rapid rate, is covered by marketing through advertisements that can be seen everywhere. According to Whiteley (2000, p. 34), novel procedures, new-fangled merchandise, and innovative markets for earlier unlikely manufactured goods are the standard or custom. PR is also difficult to define since it includes the idea of ethics. To facilitate the perception of what is considered essential in PR ethics, people must initially be made acquainted with the range of roles of PR, especially in decision- making. These cases are possible problems to the field due to the following reasons. Soon after, PR practitioners were and are even frequently engaged from the lines of reporting. A number of correspondents involved with ethics, critique previous contemporaries for making use of their inner comprehension of information media to facilitate patrons obtain constructive media exposure. In spite of several factors of distress to reporters in the area of public relations, profitable PR statuses stay an admired preference for correspondents enforced into a profession alteration by the unsteadiness and frequently less economic prospects supplied by the print and electronic media commerce. Even though PR specialists are conventionally regarded as business servants, the reality is that roughly any institution that has an interest in how it is exposed in the public field provides work for no less than a single PR supervisor. Big associations may even hold devoted connections sectors. Administration bureaus, commerce alliances, and other non-profit organizations usually perform PR actions. As business merging happens to be more customary, lots of associations and persons are deciding to preserve boutique businesses (Macnamara, 2005) contrary to professed international interactions companies. Those minor businesses normally focus in merely a pair of training parts and therefore, frequently retain a better insight of their customer’s concern. And since they handle particular reporters with greater regularity, specialty enterprises habitually hold greater media links in the subjects that are of importance to their patrons. Additional advantages of minor, specialty businesses take account of more special consideration, responsibility, as well as expenditure funds This is not to express that smaller is constantly superior; however, there is an increasing consent that specialty businesses bid more than just on one occasion contemplated. The most principal query for PR ethics is the dilemma of separated reliability that is innate in the custom. The question â€Å"How can we equalize the good of the institute with the welfare of its publics, in addition to the wellbeing of society and of the PR line of work? † is at hand (Stoykov Pacheva, 2005). Neither genuine sponsorship nor absolute fidelity to the patron group is the solution to this drawback. Rather moral values that aid in balancing separated allegiance and keeping in proportioned exchange of ideas offer an improved remedy. It must be kept in mind that PR practitioners are at all times ethically compelled to themselves primarily, which is to safeguard their personal uprightness. The next is to their customers who are to honor agreements and to apply their proficient capability on their patron’s behalf. The third is to their association or manager which is to stick to managerial objectives and strategies. Another is to their occupation and their work contemporaries to maintain the principles of the job and, by extension, the repute of their associate practitioners. The last is to society—to reflect on communal wants or demands. The matter for those involved in PR is to do their responsibility and not to be anxious on whether anyone observes them or not. The existing definitions which seem to be the most useful to the concept of public relations are the following. Bernays identified PR as an applied social science that utilizes viewpoints from psychology, sociology, along with other branches of learning to systematically deal with the philosophy and behavior of a groundless and herdlike public (Tye, 1998, p. 317). Taking part in 1950, the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) authorizes the initial Professional Standards for the Practice of Public Relations, a precursor to the existing Code of Ethics, most recently amended in 2000 to comprise the six main standards and system conditions. As stated by Tymson and Lazar (2006), the six principal standards are â€Å"Sponsorship, Integrity, Proficiency, Sovereignty, Allegiance, and Equality. † The six code provisions consulted with are â€Å"Open stream of knowledge, Competition, Disclosure of Information, Assurance, Divergence of concerns, and Improving the work. † Contemporary public relations applies different methods incorporating the abovementioned principles with outlook survey and focus clusters to assess public view, shared with a range of advanced procedures for disseminating knowledge on behalf of their patrons, together with the Internet, database-driven transmission faxes, and many more to employ followers for a patron’s basis. As indicated by the PRSA, information that may be necessary in the certified routine of PR consists of the different fields such as â€Å"communication arts, psychology, sociology, political science, economics, and the principles of management and ethics†. Scientific familiarity and skillfulness are mandatory for outlook study, public affairs examination, media associations, organizational promotion, motion picture making, exclusive proceedings, and productions. With the purpose of recognizing what is considered necessary in PR ethics, there must be an initial familiarity with the variety of tasks of PR and its part in assessment composition. There are two major functions related with PR and these are the sending of message and administrating transmission. The moral conduct in PR can be observed in three modes. These are from a societal accountability viewpoint, from an expert outlook, and from an individual point of view. Societal accountability is the indication that institutions are obliged to the community as they are existent at the will of the people. As a result, they are indebted of gratefulness to the public. Its types are the implementation of the institution’s fundamental duty, apprehension with the end results of those pursuits on other groupings exterior to the institute, and interest with facilitating to answer the common societal troubles not related with the institution’s chief task. The first two can be looked at as civic duty, which is constantly required on the side of the institution. The third type could then be categorized as societal accountability, which is not binding for the institution. For any job to develop into a profession, it must come across four decisive factors. The first is proficiency which is the specific familiarity and skillfulness that are very important to carry out its purpose in society. The second is sovereignty which permits the practitioner to function with no external intervention. The third is dedication which is the effect of expertise, entails attachment to the pursuit of superiority exclusive of highlighting on the returns or compensations. The last is accountability which signifies that the influence given by proficiency involves a reliance connection between the expert and his or her patrons. One of the most central concerns when speaking on the subject of PR ethics is the function of PR in the principled management of associations. There is inadequate study on the most usual ethical obstructions in PR, and a small amount of, if any, conventional ethical assumptions to handle them. Studies on outstanding public relations proposes that PR can be the moral principles of an association—the organization task chiefly in charge for establishing ethical standards and communal duty into managerial pronouncements. PR can be the recognized means that integrates inquiries of moral principles and conscientiousness into managerial assessment determination. It is also the task that leads into the difficulties of stakeholders into premeditated choices and that sets up a just factor to those choices. For PR practitioners to work as ethics representatives for associations, it is basic to attend to the principles of PR as a career and to assimilate ethics and collective duty into the normative theories of how PR should play a role to the planned decisiveness procedures of associations. Most significantly, theories of ethical PR must be constructed from reputable idealistic theories of moral values. Ethicists all through the past have formed two main types of theories namely the consequential hypotheses, which give emphasis to the outcomes of an individual’s manners on other people, and the non-consequential or rules-based assumptions. Consequential speculations are an appropriate preparatory situation for PR ethics for the reason of the vital function of effects in PR. In any case, a PR dilemma is present once an institution has effects on a public or a public on an association. Additionally, associations hold a communal duty when they exhibit upshots on the general public or on community as one. On the contrary, Pearson (1989) formed a non-consequential philosophy of PR ethics established on the notion of a prime example of interaction circumstances. He suggested set of laws of PR ethics. It is a proper requirement to create and sustain communication dealings with the entire publics influenced by governmental procedures. It is also an ethical obligation to enhance the characteristics of these transmission affairs that is, to cause them to be progressively more proportioned. The first of these policies broadly indicates that it is basic for an association to acquire corollaries on publics in consideration when it creates tactical decisions. The second asserts that associations enclose the ethical responsibility to communicate with the publics although the association cannot continuously provide accommodation to the public. Grunig (1996) recommended that Pearson’s two ethical rules can be interpreted into a moral premise of PR that assimilates both a teleological and a deontological view. In consequentiality, moral PR professionals look for what results possible directorial choices comprise on publics. Non-consequentiality on the other hand, concerns principled PR experts in that case control the ethical responsibility to reveal these results to publics that are affected and to take part in conversation with the publics regarding the probable choices. Cutlip and Broom (1994) created a deontological hypothesis of moral decisiveness in public relations centered on Kant’s idea of definite essential and wide-ranging conferences with PR experts in situation study of two exceedingly moral associations. Her model progresses in phases. Stage 1 raises whether people are taking action on the center of sense only and not for the reason of political pressure, financial control, or natural self-centeredness. Stage 2 employs the â€Å"Categorical Imperative† and poses queries like, â€Å"Would the association acknowledge a particular verdict if it were on the accepting edge? † Stage 3 invites the association to reflect on its responsibility, its purpose, and nobility and regard for the association, publics, and the social order. Stage 4 then appeals for balanced interaction in relation to the consequences of the creation of evaluation procedure. In application to the real life situation, the problem of PR is that diverse age groups perceive the dissimilar principles in different areas or aspects. The PR practitioner dilemma is to get hold of the collective standards to assist association to perform more efficiently. As an example, the setting can be of younger personnel and baby boomers. As said by Wilcox, et al. (2002), they retain diverse standards such as chain of command, legitimacy, fairness, direct demands, stability and safety, and future targets. The different generations such as â€Å"Gen X and Gen Y† are enthusiastic to view the accumulation of merit to the group. Professor Smith recommends appointing a counselor to mingle with recent staff to the principles of a business. Younger recruits favor part-time occupations and adaptable program or agenda. They are not generally fascinated in investing on monetary or capital industries. Nevertheless, those people who submit an application for these occupations may become accustomed to commerce habits faster than other Generation-X and Gen-Y jobseekers. The appropriate discussion may appear as follows. The course of adjustment is a complicated matter. In contending with staff affairs, it must be considered that people are constantly coping with distinctive age groups. Dissimilar generations entail diverse principles, as it can be viewed in the situation. The common ethics are a foundation of a group civilization. A corporate background is obtaining more significance in the recent period. Occasionally, commercial customs is subsidiary to a business’ task and purposes. However, business traditions frequently influence objectives and undertaking. This result turned out to be prevalent as modern economy appeared. Contemporary economy creates innovative regulations even in the largest companies. The function of PR practitioner these days is to regulate workers’ relationships to existing business customs that implies that individuals must be handled consistent with what kind of company customs exist in the association (Crifasi, 2000, p. 18); although fundamental standards are still vital. If people are managing workers, the main concerns do not vary. The human resources would like to be notified, valued well, must receive responses, and have certain independence. It is attractive to see, though, that baby boomers are apt to enjoy dictatorial rule in associations, whereas people belonging to GenX and Y are more open-minded (Hall, 2007). That goes along with the additional coursework for PR practitioner which is to hand over knowledge for those staff in several modes of communication. The recommendations would be that the interactions in the prevailing corporation relatively fulfill the abovementioned conditions. Business networks are adaptable for person wants. As indicated by Dube and Manchanda (2005), senior citizens may possibly come across information in relation to medication, indemnity and many more, whereas young workers might get hold of a few prospects for self-realization inside an industry, publications of forthcoming dealings and so on. An instance of website is www. bsu. edu which offers the opportunity to log in as present scholar or teaching staff (Nelson, 1989). It is renowned that lots of periodicals are available in several editions, in accordance with demographical traits of purchasers. The commercial bulletin can be available in assorted adaptations as well. A PR practitioner regularly stands in front of the trouble of dissimilar morals among workers. In this instance, a PR executive is supposed to work as HR administrator, acting upon the transmission of messages between distinctive groupings of staff (Carlton Perloff, 2005. It can be a kind of mingling, similar to classifying of serving unfamiliar persons to be acquainted to the business customs. It is occurring every now and then that firms are dealing with dilemma in managerial communications not between people but between departments, especially in companies with extended structure. PR practitioner handles this problem as well, organizing committees and work meetings with participation of people from different departments. Problems in organizational communications are discussed on those meetings. Lastly, one of the most difficult matters at business customs is the responsibility of CEO as mentioned by Center and Jackson (1995, p. 14). His or her discourses facilitate individuals to be aware of the business’ objectives more openly. It must not be taken for granted that company executives also handle foreign affairs. The regulation of the conferences with the upper administration is an exceedingly crucial PR work. As a conclusion, public relations must be viewed as an organizational operation in any institution or association. A successful exchange of ideas, or public relations arrangement for a management is advanced to correspond to addressees whether inner or outer publics in such an approach that the implication matches with the managerial objectives and seeks out to profit shared wellbeing at any time feasible. PR can be of assistance by conveying to the association what a range of publics consider to be conscientious deeds, and then impart to the publics what the association has made. References: Carlton, D. W. Perloff, J. M. (2005) Modern Industrial Organization. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman and Company. Center, A. H. Jackson, P. (1995) Public Relations Practices. 5th ed. , Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle, N. J. , p. 14. Crifasi, S. C. (2000) Everythings Coming Up Rosie. Public Relations Tactics, September, Vol. 7, Issue 9, Public Relations Society of America, New York, p. 18. Cutlip, S. M. , Center, A. H. Broom, G. M. (1994) Effective Public Relations, 7th Ed. , Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon and Schuster Company, Englewood Cliffs, N. J. 07632. Dube, J. P. Manchanda, P. (2005) Differences in Dynamic Brand Competition Across Markets: An Empirical Analysis. Marketing Science. 24 (1), p. 81. Hall, P. (2007) The New PR. Mount Kisco, NY: Larstan Publishing. International Association of Business Communicators (IABC). Macnamara, J. (2005) Jim Macnamaras Public Relations Handbook. 5th ed. , Melbourne: Archipelago Press. Nelson, J. (1989) Sultans of Sleaze: Public Relations and the Media. Toronto: Between The Lines. Stauber, J. C. Rampton, S. (1995) Toxic Sludge is Good for You: Lies, Damn Lies, and the Public Relations Industry. Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press. Stoykov, L. Pacheva, V. (2005) Public Relations and Business Communication. Sofia: Ot Igla Do Konetz. Tymson, C. Lazar, P. (2006) Public Relations Manual. Sydney: Tymson Communications. Tye, L. (1998) The Father of Spin: Edward L. Bernays the Birth of Public Relations. New York: Crown Publishers, p. 13, 317. Wilcox, D. L. et al. (2002) Public Relations Strategies and Tactics, 7th ed. , Allyn Bacon, Boston, MA. Whiteley, R. C. (2000) The Customer Driven Company: Moving From Talk to Action. Pfeiffer Company, p. 34. The key ideas of the critical theory approach to public relations thinking can be applied to PR practice in the following sets of circumstances. Critical theory is societal hypothesis linked headed for assessing critically and transforming the social order in totality, contrary to conventional hypothesis linked barely to comprehending or elucidating it. Calhoun (1995) aimed to differentiate critical theory as an extremist, liberated type of Marxian assumption, evaluating both the standard of science present ed by rational positivism and what he and his contemporaries perceived as the hidden positivism and dictatorship of traditional Marxism and communalism. Fundamental ideas are the following. The first is that critical social theory must be intended for the whole public in its past certainty or on how it happened to be constituted at an exact instance. And the second is that it must develop awareness of the general public by incorporating each and every chief social science, consisting of â€Å"history, sociology, economics, political science, anthropology, and psychology† as stated by Te’eni (2006, p. 65). For the transcendental view, critical theory signifies setting and evaluating the boundaries of the authenticity of a mass of information, particularly in the course of taking into consideration the limits constituted by the basic concepts at hand in that particular information scheme. In the early periods, the idea associated with critical theory is with the breakdown of wrong and non-approvable, philosophies since the motive included in hypothesis was entwined with the development of principled sovereignty and the Enlightenment assessment of unreasonable power. Marx clearly expounded this idea into the analysis of philosophy and related it with the concept of societal transformation with the quotation that â€Å"theorists have merely construed the world in particular means; what must be done is to alter it† (Cutlip, 1994). This meaning of critical theory originated entirely within the social sciences, and there are works of critical social theory and critical social science which show no awareness of the literary/humanities version of critical theory. The subsequent denotation of it is that of hypothesis employed in well-educated review and in the study of writing. This structure of critical theory is not essentially familiarized for extremist societal transformation or even for the study of the public, but as an alternative focuses on the scrutiny of transcripts and text-like occurrence. This form of this hypothesis develops from the idea of literary analysis as setting up and improving the appropriate knowledge and assessment of public relations. This sense of this theory began exclusively in the humanities. To use an epistemological peculiarity, critical theory in public relations analysis is eventually a type of hermeneutics wherein the data by means of understanding the sense of individual wordings and figurative language whereas critical societal theory is a kind of self-reflective facts relating both discernment and hypothetical account to decrease setup in schemes of control or reliance, complying with the liberate attention in increasing the extent of self-sufficiency and sinking the scale of control (Stoykov Pacheva, 2005). From this perception, critical theory is directed on understanding and description rather than on communal revolution. This theory as applied in public relations generally does not essentially entail a normative aspect, while critical societal hypothesis does, either in the course of appraising the social order from various broad assumptions of principles or in analyzing it in terms of its individual advocated standards. Critical realization was realized as awareness that facilitated people to liberate themselves from types of rule through self-reflection and procured psychoanalysis as the example of it. From the PR part, PR practitioners responds particularly in opposition to the New Criticism of the earlier periods, which attempted to examine merely transcripts, started to feature into their scrutiny and explanations of publications originally linguistic and interpretive hypothesis, followed by structuralism. Accordingly, PR critique turned out to be very hypothetical and some of those putting it into practice embarked on indicating to the speculative aspect of their effort as analytical assumption. And so this theory in the social implication additionally developed into one of the many pressures upon the lines within critical assumption in the public relations significance. Moreover, together with the extension of the mass media and popular culture as well as the unification of societal and public relations critique, the approaches of both types of critical theory system, would be instituted in the similar explanatory composition. Both aspects were existent in the range of modes of hypothesis. In verbal communication, the two points at which there is the shared concept of the two account of critical theory are in their interconnected aspect on expression, representation, and in their focal point on creation. Critical theory is as well characterized as a system of exchange of ideas wherein expansive proficiency and open reasonableness conversely, indistinct interaction on the other, the two adaptations of this premise started to extend beyond to a much larger level than previously. Both adaptations of critical theory have directed on the procedures of creation by which the occurrence and matters of personal interaction, civilization, and political perception take place. Whether it is in the course of the changing systems by which the organization of verbal communication grows to be its apparent configuration, the general realistic ideologies in which common discernment is produced, the semiotic conventions by which things of every day use of implications, there is a general concern in the course of a figurative category that mounts to evident incidents. With this, there is a major shared control among features of the diverse adaptation of critical theory. In accordance with the Critical Approach to Organizational Communication theory, the persons concerned in the interaction course are engrossed in a setting where they form the set of laws in their association (Babos Peterson, nd. ). Deetz believes as a lot of lots of place of working environment have turned out to be very political, which in turn, depressingly influences the employees and the welfare of the associations. He as well thinks that the interaction processes all over the firms and institutions are defiling the agency setting. This critical theory has realistic usage in usual groupings like in associations and industries. This theory is morally reliable and if employed appropriately will generate constructive moods in these daily backdrops. This would have been unfeasible to visualize without its underpinning in critical theory. The implementation of critical theory supplies a way of regarding once more the idea of information managing in terms of the moral principles of human interaction and permits the inquiring of the vitality of logical decision making as the foundation of organization (Vary, 2002). From the basis of critical theory produced four systems of administrative rule and the consequences they entail on the individuals functioning under these schemes. When running under the critical theory, a cluster will achieve collaboration and this will create a better-off general result. Deetz (1982) views authority as an unconstructive influence that brings about conflict between workers and their manager. Supremacy is an exceedingly chaotic, contentious idea in the societal studies and remarkably in the organization context. Deetz is as well a supporter in interpretative study techniques. The fundamental goal of interpretative study is to create a rational explanation of daily proceedings which is credible to clerical associates (Koch Deetz, 1981, p. 14). For that reason, interpretative researchers consider that hypotheses are not made for circumstances, but are created because of personal reactions in all parts of a condition. As an alternative in creating and circulating innovative views to the communal area, interpretative researchers focus more in conditional features that are settled in the diverse characters of distinct individuals. As stated by Koch and Deetz (1981), interpretive study techniques do not adjoin original information to a growing basis of facts (p. 15). Rather, they position or relate foundations of information by explaining the indirect potentials innate in present circumstances and undertakings. A critical theory presents the explanatory and normative foundation for public question intended at lessening power and growing autonomy in all their structures. It denotes that know-how is power and with it appears control over people. If a person gets sufficient expertise or authority in a matter, he or she can be liberated to control the circumstances that he or she is in. Deetz (2003) states that â€Å"critical theories have been functional as they have acknowledged the character of the members in the argument as the main troubles (p. 606). † He became conscious that in any case, organizations have to formulate resolutions; however he sensed that the workers and other stakeholders are supposed to speak in what is happening as they may view in the organizations. If staffs are granted this authority, they would have some bearing on the firm and may eventually sense more fulfillments in their occupation. He does not believe that human resources must possess all the authority; they simply have to maintain equilibrium between the power of executives and personnel to facilitate growth of firms. Within the critical theory, Deetz (1982) illustrates some interaction processes in which firms can generate resolutions. There are four distinct processes in how businesses undergo decision-making and convey their decisions to their staff. The first technique is by means of stratagem which is under administrative jurisdiction. With this approach, power goes beyond personnel thoughts and they obtain their influence and exercise it to as much scope as workable even if it signifies generating a depressed environment among employees. When applying administrative power, the board esteems their degree of domination over workers and occasionally takes advantage of their liberties (p. 132). The second technique under administrative rule is consent. Consent is when a member of staff acts as they are informed devoid of any inquiring. An instance of this was with the Manhattan venture throughout World War II. Employees were assembling the grenades to be released in Japan although they had no notion of what they were really creating. Conceivably, if the workers of the industry are familiar with what they were making, they may have not preferred to work in that setting. By means of this approach in creating a business resolution, personnel will be discontented by reason of their lack of participation in the pronouncements presented. â€Å"The short term yearning for construction has headed it to becoming accustomed to the public transformation rather than being concerned in it on a mindful degree† (Varey, 2002, p. 229). Co-determination is considerably an enhanced means for a business to make pronouncements. By applying this, both the administrators and employees collaborate and fo